Tracking parallel adaptation of shell morphology through geological times in the land snail genus Pupilla (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Pupillidae) Author Haase, Martin Author Meng, Stefan Author Horsák, Michal text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2021 2021-03-01 191 3 720 720 https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/3/720/5861197 journal article 276296 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa057 c569b071-a44d-4681-8a63-3d54b9bcfac2 0024-4082 5300077 Pupa muscorum var. pratensis Clessin, 1871 Pupilla pratensis has been described as a variety of P. muscorum ( Pupa muscorum var. pratensis ) from the damp fen meadows of Dinkelscherben near Augsburg ( Bavaria , Germany ) ( Clessin, 1871 ). Since von Proschwitz et al. (2009) , P. pratensis has had independent species status (see also Horsák et al. , 2010 ), but has been synonymized with P. alpicola ( Charpentier, 1837 ) shortly thereafter ( Nekola et al. , 2015 ). Here, it is regarded as a lowland morphotype of the latter. The whereabouts of Clessin’s syntype series is not known. Von Proschwitz et al. (2009) figured a specimen collected by Clessin at Dinkelscherben from the Westerlund collection of the Gothenburg Natural History Museum as a syntype . However, as it is not dated, this status is doubtful (T. von Proschwitz, pers. comm.). Clessin’s collection in the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart contains a sample of P. muscorum from the type locality Dinkelscherben collected by Clessin in 1880 (SMNS-ZI0120652). Among 154 shells, we identified nine shells of P. pratensis not sorted out by Clessin. Five of these nine shells contain the dried soft body and from one of these, we were able to sequence the ITS2 fragment confirming the species identity. Because of the eventful taxonomic history of this taxon, we decided to define P. pratensis unambiguously by designation of a neotype from this series ( Fig. 11 ), which has the following data: Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Stuttgart, SMNS-ZI 0138339 [remaining specimens: SMNS-ZI0138340 (DNA of sequenced specimen), SMNS-ZI0138341 (7 shells)] Type locality: Dinkelscherben, leg. Clessin 1880. Height, 3.58 mm ; width, 2.00 mm. For a description and a justification to consider this name a junior synonym of P. alpicola see the Material section and our present comparisons.