New species from a ‘ lost world’: Sulawesidrobia (Caenogastropoda, Tateidae) from ancient Lake Matano, Sulawesi, Indonesia Author Haase, Martin 8CE4B347-14C5-464F-99C4-DE2263FC55D5 Vogelwarte, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 23, Greifswald, Germany. Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution - BRIN Gedung Widyasatwaloka, Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia. Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Zoological Museum, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D- 20146 Hamburg, Germany. Department of Animal Biodiversity, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D- 20146 Hamburg, Germany. martin.haase@uni-greifswald.de Author Rintelen, Thomas von 3C7C2FF1-81A9-436D-A196-883156588698 Thomas.vonRintelen@mfn.berlin Author Harting, Britta 2B35D610-18BD-4536-B396-BD0FDA5B284B Vogelwarte, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 23, Greifswald, Germany. Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution - BRIN Gedung Widyasatwaloka, Jalan Raya Jakarta Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia. Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Zoological Museum, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D- 20146 Hamburg, Germany. Department of Animal Biodiversity, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D- 20146 Hamburg, Germany. britta.harting89@gmail.com Author Marwoto, Ristiyanti 9776638C-B813-4FE3-9EA1-DBF74B5CD739 ristiyanti456@gmail.com Author Glaubrecht, Matthias CAD08B62-A5A2-4976-88B1-155DBF701986 Matthias.Glaubrecht@uni-hamburg.de text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-04-13 864 1 77 103 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2089 journal article 250761 10.5852/ejt.2023.864.2089 203aff77-63dd-4015-a568-375d906fdc88 2118-9773 7841635 140C7845-6D0F-420F-B88C-390CAE2BC3A7 Sulawesidrobia carsonae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1E37CB23-9233-4A75-810F-C6109B54C098 Figs 2B , 3C–D , 4A–B , 5B , 6D , 7C–D , 8C–D Diagnosis The new species has a small, short-conical shell with a unique protoconch structure where the fine pits are distally rearranged as irregular longitudinal striae. It is the only short-conical species combining a single large inner denticle on the lateral radular tooth and a penis with broad base and slender, parallelsided distal end. A single position of type 1 characterizes this new species ( Table 3 ). Fig. 2. Holotypes. A . Sulawesidrobia wilsoni sp. nov. (MZB Gst. 12116). B . S. carsonae sp. nov. (MZB Gst. 12118). C . S. ehrlichi sp. nov. (MZB Gst. 12120). D . S. crutzeni sp. nov. (MZB Gst. 12122). E . S. dinersteini sp. nov. (MZB Gst. 12124). Scale bar = 1 mm. Table 3. Diagnostic alignment positions of the new species as well as Sulawesidrobia anceps Zielske, Glaubrecht & Haase, 2011 and S. bicolor Zielske, Glaubrecht & Haase, 2011 relative to each other. Characters are either of type 1, i.e., fixed in a particular species (bold) or 3, i.e., unique in only some individuals of a particular species (italic). Positions refer to the alignment of COI in Supp. file 2.

Species	Position/State
S. wilsoni sp. nov.	2 0 6	3 0 4
C	C
S. carsonae sp. nov.	2 6 8
G
S. ehrlichi sp. nov.	3 3 1	5 0 2	5 5 0
G	G	G
S. crutzeni sp. nov.	1 8 7	3 0 7	4 3 6	5 3 2
C	A	G	C
S. dinersteini sp. nov.	0 6 1	0 8 2	2 5 0	2 9 0	2 9 5	3 5 3	4 0 3	4 5 4	4 7 2
G	A	C	C	C	G	G	G	G
S. anceps	0 3 4	0 4 6	0 5 5	0 7 4	0 8 8	0 9 2	1 1 8	1 3 3	1 5 7	1 8 1	1 9 0	2 3 5	2 4 4	2 6 5	2 8 9	3 1 9	3 4 3	3 7 9	5 3 8	5 3 9
G	G	C	T	G	C	C	C	T	A	G	C	G	G	G	C	A	T	C	C
S. bicolor	0 2 8	0 4 0	0 4 3	1 5 4	2 2 3	2 2 9	2 4 1	2 7 7	3 0 1	3 1 6	3 4 0	3 7 0	3 8 2	4 0 0	4 1 2	4 5 7	4 6 0	4 9 0	5 4 1	5 5 9
G	C	A	C	G	G	G	C	T	G	C	G	G	C	C	C	C	G	G	G

Etymology Sulawesidrobia carsonae sp. nov. is dedicated to the American zoologist and writer Rachel Carson (1907–1964) whose influential 1962 book Silent Spring had a lasting effect on the global environmental movement. Material examined Holotype ( Fig. 4C ) INDONESIA • Sulawesi , Lake Matano , S-shore, Inco boat house, below guest house, on rocks; 02°30.696′ S , 121°20.352′ E ; Sep. 2003 ; Glaubrecht , von Rintelen and Zitzler leg.; MZB Gst. 12118 . Paratypes ( Figs 4D , 5B–C ) INDONESIA • 11 specs; same collection data as for holotype; MZB Gst. 12119 • 10 specs; same collection data as for holotype; ZMB 107079 . Description SHELL ( Figs 2B , 3C , 4A–B ). Short-conical, sutures very shallow, about 1.5 times as high as wide, shell and priostracum light brown; protoconch initially with fine pits rearranging to irregular longitudinal striae and ca 0.75 whorls; entire shell with 3.75 to 4.125 whorls, teleoconch without structure apart from growth lines; umbilicus a narrow slit; aperture orthocline, only slightly higher than wide. Fig. 3. SEM micrographs of paratypes, all from type localities. A–B . Sulawesidrobia wilsoni sp. nov. (MZB Gst. 12117). C–D . S. carsonae sp. nov. (MZB Gst. 12119). E–F . S. ehrlichi sp. nov. (MZB Gst. 12121). G–H . S. crutzeni sp. nov. (MZB Gst. 12123). I–J . S. dinersteini sp. nov. (MZB Gst. 12125). OPERCULUM. Very light yellow and thin, paucispiral, nucleus eccentric. EXTERNAL FEATURES. Epidermis entirely black with the exception of mantle rim and areas over distal genital glands and stomach; tentacles with ciliated field ( Fig. 5B ). MANTLE CAVITY (N = 4). 13–16 ctenidial filaments; osphradium elongate lying centrally under ctenidium along 75% of its length. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. The radula has the formula R 5 1 5/2-3 2-3, L 1-2 1 5-6, M1 18-24, M2 23-27, denticles of central tooth pointed and basally fused, two rhachidial basal cusps were only rarely observed, the same holds for a second small inner denticle on the lateral tooth, mostly there is only a single, very large one ( Fig. 6D ); stomach without caecum, black; intestine follows pallial genital glands, in females closer than in males. Fig. 4. SEM micrographs of protoconchs. A–B . Sulawesidrobia carsonae sp. nov. (MZB Gst. 12119). C–D . S. ehrlichi sp. nov. (MZB Gst. 12121). Scale bars: A, C = 50 µm; B, D = 20 µm. FEMALE GENITALIA (N = 2; Fig. 7C–D ). Ovary starts 1–1.25 whorls below apex, comprises 0.5–0.7 whorls and covers the posterior stomach chamber; renal oviduct first coiling 180° clockwise, then 270° counterclockwise; no receptaculum seminis; bursa copulatrix spherical, behind albumen gland, bursal duct entering anteriorly; albumen gland milky-white, capsule gland bipartite, opaque-white. MALE GENITALIA (N = 2; Fig. 8C–D ). Testis a lobate sac, starts 0.5–0.75 whorls below apex, comprises ca 1.25 whorls, anteriorly overlapping stomach; vesicula seminalis coils along anterior quarter of testis; proximal and distal vasa deferentia insert close to middle of kidney-shaped prostate; penis with broad base and slender, parallel-sided distal end. Remarks There is only one other short-conical congener with a single large inner denticle on the lateral radular tooth, viz S. crutzeni sp. nov. The latter is 1.6 times larger and has a penis with very broad base and continuously tapering long distal end, though. In addition, it lacks a bursa copulatrix (see below). Sulawesidrobia carsonae sp. nov. was highly supported in the phylogenetic trees ( Figs 9–10 ,Supp. file 1) although it had only a single diagnostic alignment position of type 1 ( Table 3 ).