A review of Crassignatha (Araneae, Symphytognathidae) Author Li, Ya Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China & The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9558-4154 Author Lin, Yucheng Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China & The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China linyucheng@scu.edu.cn Author Li, Shuqiang Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-5416 lisq@ioz.ac.cn text ZooKeys 2020 988 63 128 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.56188 1313-2970-988-63 6E64D69BDD734A7EAE2B3CD21247A5E3 D5BC323AA5F05894AE8FBB10A3F0960D Crassignatha si Y. Lin & S. Li sp. nov. Figs 30 , 31 , 38 Type material. Holotype ♂ (NHMSU Ar 127) and paratypes 2♀ (NHMSU Ar 128-129), China : Yunnan Province, Yiliang County, Jiuxiang Town, near entrance of Baiyan Cave, in low bush ( 25.15100°N , 103.40100°E ; 1875 m), 24.VIII.2018, Y. Lin et al. leg.; 1♂ juvenile (NHMSU-HA141) and 1♀ juvenile (NHMSU-HA141) used for sequencing, GenBank: MT992017 and MT992016, same data as for preceding. Figure 30. Crassignatha si sp. nov. A male habitus, dorsal, B male habitus, ventral C female habitus, dorsal D female habitus, ventral. Scale bars: 0.50 mm ( A-D ). Diagnosis. The male of C. si sp. nov. differs from all other congeners by the presence of a helical embolus coiled slightly more than twice (Fig. 31B, C ). The female of C. si sp. nov. is similar to C. gudu and C. yamu in the vulva configuration and the course of the copulatory ducts but can be distinguished from the latter two by the longer columnar atrium formed by the union of the copulatory ducts (Fig. 31F vs. Figs 11F , 35F ). Description. Male (holotype). Total length 0.56. Carapace 0.20 long, 0.24 wide, 0.28 high. Clypeus 0.04 high. Sternum 0.16 long, 0.16 wide. Abdomen 0.36 long, 0.36 wide, 0.48 high. Length of legs: I 0.88 (0.24, 0.10, 0.20, 0.14, 0.20); II 0.76 (0.24, 0.08, 0.16, 0.10, 0.18); III 0.6 (0.18, 0.08, 0.12, 0.10, 0.12); IV 0.68 (0.18, 0.08, 0.14, 0.10, 0.18). Somatic characters (Fig. 30A, B ). Coloration : prosoma and legs fuscous. Abdomen grayish green, ventrally darker than dorsally, with pale yellow speckles. Prosoma : carapace nearly round, surface weakly sculptured. ALE protruded. PER slightly recurved. Cephalic area elevated. Clypeus concave. Chelicerae fused near base, covered with long setae anteriorly. Labium triangular. Sternum heart shaped, swollen, surface pitted. Legs : femora and tibiae rough, granular. Tibia II with a clasping spur. Abdomen : globose and rugose, lacking lateral scutum and circular plate. Spinnerets pale brown. Palp (Fig. 31A-C ): femur swollen, wider than patella. Tibia flat. Cymbium weakly sclerotized, with a few setae distally. Cymbial tooth small, inconspicuous. Tegulum narrow, slightly swollen. Laminar median apophysis sub-rounded, translucent, with a small, hooked process on prolateral margin. Embolic membrane arises from behind median apophysis. Embolus long, helical, circling clockwise into almost two full coils. Female (one of paratypes). Total length 0.92. Carapace 0.36 long, 0.32 wide, 0.36 high. Clypeus 0.06 high. Sternum 0.24 long, 0.24 wide. Abdomen 0.56 long, 0.56 wide, 0.52 high. Length of legs: I 1.22 (0.40, 0.16, 0.28, 0.18, 0.20); II 1.02 (0.28, 0.14, 0.22, 0.18, 0.20); III 0.66 (0.16, 0.08, 0.18, 0.10, 0.14); IV 0.86 (0.24, 0.08, 0.22, 0.14, 0.18). Somatic characters (Fig. 30C, D ). Coloration : prosoma and legs dark brown. Abdomen color and modification as in male. Prosoma : carapace nearly pear shaped, surface granular and sculptured, two strong setae medially. ALE slightly protruded. PER slightly recurved. Mouthparts as in male. Sternum scutiform, surface textured. Abdomen : globose, with small sclerotized patches dorsally and ventrally. Spinnerets weakly sclerotized. Epigyne (Fig. 31D-F ): epigynal area lightly sclerotized. Scape slightly protruded, as wide as long. Internal structures faintly visible via translucent tegument. Paired spermathecae separated by their diameter. Fertilization ducts slender, starting at the inside medial margin of spermathecae. Copulatory ducts long and extremely tortuous, connected to posterior margin of spermathecae, extending from under spermathecae to venter, forming two open loops, curving upward to center of vulva, then fusing into a columnar atrium that reaches copulatory opening at scape terminus. Figure 31. Crassignatha si sp. nov. A right male palp, prolateral B right male palp, ventral C right male palp, retrolateral D epigyne, ventral E vulva, ventral F vulva, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.10 mm ( A-F ). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Chinese pinyin word for "spiral" (si), referring to the shape of the embolus, and is a noun in apposition. Distribution. China (Yunnan) (Fig. 38 ).