Cretaceous Horse flies and their phylogenetic significance (Diptera: Tabanidae) Author do Carmo, Daniel Dias Dornelas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-5856 Faculdade de Filosofia Ciencias e Letras, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil dandorndias@gmail.com Author Sampronha, Stephanie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-3232 Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author Santos, Charles Morphy D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5577-0799 Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil Author Ribeiro, Guilherme Cunha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-2651 Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil text Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 2022 2022-07-21 80 295 307 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86673 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.80.e86673 1864-8312-80-295 BE39D533FE5242B7870A5D3B0764D4E2 1DD567A964C85543B6440317A9713FD7 Cratotabanus cearensis Carmo and Sampronha sp. nov. Figs 3 , 4 Examined material. Holotype female : CCNH 567, NE Brazil , Crato Formation , Aptian , Lower Cretaceous. Preservation. Preserved in lateral view. Frons and occiput visible. Notopleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum and scutellum preserved. Fore, mid and hind leg preserved. Wings partially preserved. Tergites of abdomen and female cercus preserved. Diagnosis. Frons apparently convergent; apex of R1 near to the same level of end of cell d; R4 strongly curved at posterior half; vein m-cu two times longer than the origin of M4 to the m-cu insertion; M2 and M3 sub-parallel; suture at sternite I+II strongly marked. Description. Holotype female . Measurements : Moderate size, body 9.6 mm, wing 6.9 mm. - Head : Frons apparently convergent bellow; ocellar triangle developed with ocelli; basal callus absent. - Legs : hind leg with two tibial spurs; - Wings : Apex of R1 near to the same level of cell d apex; R2+3 straight (insertion in C not visible); vein R4 strongly curved at posterior half; no appendix at R4; cell r5 open; M1 curved, parallel to M2; M3 sub-parallel to M2; cell m3 open; m-m three times longer than fork of M1 and M2 to the m-m insertion; m-cu two times longer than origin of M4 to the m-cu insertion; wing ca. 3 times longer than wide. - Abdomen : tergite X undivided; - Terminalia : Cercus two-segmented, anterior segment an inverted triangle, posterior segment ovoid. Etymology. The name of the species refers to the state of Ceara (NE Brazil) where the Araripe Basin is located. Comments. Cratotabanus cearensis sp. nov. has a two--segmented cercus, a character also visible in C. asiaticus Grimaldi ( Grimaldi 2016 ) and Araripus crassitibialis gen. nov. et sp.nov. , which follows the 'bauplan' of Tabanomorpha . Tergite X is visible in lateral view, apparently undivided as in C. asiaticus . Cratotabanus cearensis sp. nov. differs from C. stonemyomorphus by the vein m-cu two times longer than the joint between the discal cell and the base of M4 (against three times in C. stonemyomorphus ), and vein R4 strongly curved at posterior half. From C. newjerseyensis Grimaldi, C. cearensis sp. nov. differs by the veins M2 and M3 almost parallels and m-m three times longer than the distance between the bases of M1 and M2 - in C. newjerseyenis they are nearly the same size ( Grimaldi 2016 ). C. cearensis sp. nov. differs from C. asiaticus by having the apex of R1 inserting in C near to the same level of cell d apex. The specimen here described is preserved in lateral view, with seven visible abdominal sternites. In all known extant and fossil Tabanidae , the sternites I and II are fused. In most species, however, a remnant suture of variable prominence in the resultant fused segment is apparent. In C. cearensis sp. nov. a clear division between segments I and II is present. Figure 3. Cratotabanus cearensis sp.n. Holotype female. A Lateral habitus. B Head and thorax. C Terminalia. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B); 0.5 mm (C) Figure 4. Cratotabanus cearensis sp.nov. Holotype female. A Illustration of lateral habitus. B Wing venation. C Female terminalia. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B); 0.1 mm (C).