Kiwisaldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from the South Island of New Zealand: new species and identification key Author Larivière, Marie-Claude Author Larochelle, André text Zootaxa 2018 2018-11-07 4514 2 151 166 journal article 28024 10.11646/zootaxa.4514.2.1 fb9da37a-8219-4b3c-b604-82eb0b85c91f 1175-5326 2607823 8EFA289B-E074-4D56-9EB4-A77341605A0C Kiwisaldula januszkiewiczi new species Kiwisaldula januszkiewiczi Larivière and Larochelle , new species . Holotype : Male (NZAC) labelled “ NEW ZEALAND WD Lake Moeraki 4343 S 16916 E 20.III.2003 Larivière, Larochelle / Lakeshore: bare, coarse, wet gravel; near water / HOLO- TYPE [male symbol] Kiwisaldula januszkiewiczi Larivière & Larochelle, 2018 (red label).” Paratypes 1 male (LUNZ), 1 female (NZAC) with same data as holotype , 4 males (1 CMNZ, 1 LUNZ, 2 NZAC), 3 females (1 CMNZ, 1 LUNZ, 1 NZAC) with same data as holotype except habitat label (Lakeshore: seepages and mossy stones), bearing blue paratype labels. Description (Subbrachypterous to submacropterous adult). Body length 3.38–4.15 ( 3.64 mm ); short-ovate (mostly) to subelongate-ovate ( Fig. 4 ); female often elongate and dorsally broad behind midlength of hemelytra (as opposed to more regularly elongate-ovate in K. ryani and K. butleri ). Dorsal colour largely dark, blackish, often with overall brownish hue including antennal segments I–II (as opposed to more regularly blackish hue and paler antennal segments I–II in K. ryani ), moderately to broadly pale lateral margins of pronotum and slightly to moderately well developed, sometimes coalesced pale markings on hemelytra. Facial colour ( Fig. 8 ) slightly to moderately contrasted. Head, pronotum, and scutellum slightly to moderately shiny against mostly dull hemelytra. Dorsal pubescence moderately long, mostly reclined, mostly golden brown, usually more densely distributed on pronotum, clavus, and endocorium. Hemelytra with some cell reduction in membrane; hindwings not surpassing tip of corium (mostly) or reaching middle of membrane. Head ( Fig. 8 , facial view). Preocellar spots yellowish brown to brown. Preocular spots brownish (often nearly indistinct). Transverse swelling slightly to moderately developed; lateral portions con- tiguous; whitish yellow to brownish, darker near facial midline. Mandibular plates slightly to moderately developed, concolorous with or darker than transverse swelling. Maxillary plates slightly to moderately developed, concolorous with or darker than transverse swelling, sometimes dark brown. Rostrum mostly brown, reaching hind coxae. Antennae about 4.0x longer than pronotum + collar medially; segment I yellowish brown to brown, ventral and dorsal sides often dark in part or throughout (striped or not), ventral side usually more heavily marked than dorsal side; segment II yellowish brown to brown throughout, about 2.1x longer than segment I; segments III–IV dark brown to nearly black. Thorax . Lateral margins of pronotum subrectilinear to moderately convex, rarely slightly sinuate, distinctly explanate, moderately to broadly pale whitish yellow to yellowish brown, often infumate (pale area at midlength 1.5– 2x the width of antennal segment II). Scutellum about 1.8x longer than pronotum + collar medially. Thoracic underside black, with slightly contrasting acetabula (acetabulum I narrowly (female) or broadly (male) pale; acetabulum II narrowly pale (mostly) or completely dark; acetabulum III very narrowly pale or completely dark), and broadly pale lateral margins. Legs largely pale, often infumate; fore and mid femora with ventral side dark brown to nearly black over most of length (distinctly striped); hind femora without ventral and dorsal sides dark brown to black, coalesced into an annulus; fore tibiae pale or infumate dorsally (not striped throughout); hind tibiae about 2.8x longer than tarsal segments II+III combined. Hemelytra : corium ( Figs 4 , 12 ) largely dark brown to nearly blackish, with reduced pale markings on endocorium and more extensive pale markings (whitish yellow to yellowish brown, often infumate) on exocorium; endocorium with distinct dark brown to black eyespot subbasally near R vein; costal margin lined with narrow to moderately wide, mostly uninterrupted pale band; colour pattern in female often with less extended pale markings and darker overall brownish hue but generally consistent with that of male; pruinose areas strongly developed, distributed on base and apex of clavus and most of corium, and usually on membrane near apex of clavus; basal pruinose area of clavus broad and short, covering less than one-third of clavus length; basal pale spot of clavus present or absent (mostly); subapical pale spot of clavus present; membrane with four nearly fully formed cells; cell 1 the shortest, distinctly shorter than cells 2 and 3, subtriangular; cells 2 and 3 subrectangular, subequal in length and width; cell 4 the narrowest, slender, subequal in length (mostly) or distinctly longer or shorter than cell 3, ending apically well before or nearly in line with tip of cell 3. Abdomen . Venter: male, blackish with or without hind margin of segments very narrowly pale; female, blackish medially with hind margin of segments narrowly pale and moderately to broadly margined with, often infumate, yellowish ivory to pale yellowish brown. Male parandria ( Fig. 20 ) elongate, broadly subtriangular, acutely rounded and moderately narrowed at tip; inner margins slightly convex in basal half, slightly concave in apical half; medial membrane with acute inward projection on each side; basal margin barely concave. Male paramere ( Fig. 16 ) somewhat variable, especially width of main body above shaft (more arcuate and broader than K. butleri and K. ryani ; at times narrower than illustrated); without distinct processus sensualis, instead with slightly wavy cuticular surface bearing less than ten setae; processus hamatus moderately long, not constricted at base, its tip rather narrow, acutely rounded. Other characters as in generic description ( Larivière & Larochelle, 2016: 459 ). Geographic distribution ( Fig. 21 ). South Island, mostly areas west of the Southern Alps (BR, WD). Material examined . A total of 198 specimens including types , from the following localities. South Island . BR –Barrytown (NZAC); Lake Poerua , Te Kinga Scenic Reserve ( NZAC ) ; Taramakau River mouth, South Head ( NZAC ) ; Woodpecker Bay ( NZAC ) . WD – Junction Mahitahi River and Highway 6 ( NZAC ) ; Lake Mahinapua ( NZAC ) ; Lake Mapourika , MacDonalds Creek mouth ( NZAC ) ; Lake Moeraki ( NZAC ) ; Ohinetamatea River ( NZAC ) ; Okarito ( NZAC ) . Biology . Altitudinal range . Lowland to lower montane; collected from sea level to about 500 m . Habitat . Occurs in open habitats mostly on wet, bare to moderately vegetated, sandy or gravelly banks or side-channels of sandy-gravelly streams and rivers, lakes, and ponds; on bare, coarse, wet gravelly lakeshore, on bare sand or sand with moderate Juncus -cover along calm recesses or pools of sandy-gravelly rivers, on bare, wet, sandy lakeshore, on sparsely mossy and moderately vegetated banks of sandy streams entering lakes, among seepages and mossy stones on lakeshores; usually near the water line but also found at a certain distance from it ( 5–10 m ). Also collected usually near water in coastal situations; on muddy-stony stream banks, on wet mudflats with sparse Juncus near streams, along canals on wet, silty-sandy sand flats covered by dead algae; also in a muddy grass field with sparse Juncus near a lagoon. Seasonality . Adults and tenerals (newly emerged adults) collected in March when tenerals appeared more abundant than fully mature adults. Food . Predator or scavenger. Behaviour . Undocumented. Remarks . This species is named after Janek Januszkiewicz ( Auckland ), a highly skilled health specialist. FIGURES 13–20 . Schematic view of male genitalia (13–16) Paramere, ventral view. (13) Kiwisaldula yangae , (14) K. cranshawi , (15) K. ryani , (16) K. januszkiewiczi . (17–20) Parandria, posterior view. (17) K. yangae , (18) K. cranshawi , (19) K. ryani , (20) K. januszkiewiczi . Kiwisaldula januszkiewiczi is expected to be more widely distributed in western areas of the South Island than might be surmised from the list of material examined. This new species is morphologically highly variable, small to moderate in size, with an overall dark brownish, often infumate appearance, subrectilinear to moderately convex, somewhat broadly pale lateral margins of pronotum, hemelytra with extensive pale markings, a usually uninterrupted pale costal band, and a distinct eyespot, and distinctive male genitalia. Generally speaking, K. januszkiewiczi has a short-ovate to subelongate-ovate body shape but females often appear dorsally broad behind hemelytral midlength, and can look almost pear-shaped. FIGURE 21 . Collecting localities of Kiwisaldula species, South Island, New Zealand; updated from Larivière & Larochelle (2017). Kiwisaldula januszkiewiczi is on average smaller than K. butleri but larger, longer-winged, paler individuals can be very difficult to distinguish from K. butleri based on external morphology although as it stands the two species are allopatric in their distribution. Available field data suggest that K. januszkiewiczi favours muddier, more eutrophic habitats than K. ryani . See also Remarks under K. ryani . Specimens from Barrytown (BR) and other localities nearing the northern limit of K. januszkiewiczi ’s distribution show great morphological variability within and between populations; identification could only be confirmed using male parameres.