Taxonomy of Oceanapia Norman, 1869 (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida: Phloeodictyidae) from the Brazilian coast Author Neto, Carlos Santos Author Nascimento, Elielton Author Cavalcanti, Thaynã Author Pinheiro, Ulisses text Zootaxa 2018 2018-08-02 4455 2 363 376 journal article 29102 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.2.6 14ee1f26-3b50-49f0-8126-1d5fcf9b1f46 1175-5326 1457303 2B4688E2-A4C1-4A3F-849F-9BC657DBD9EC Oceanapia hechteli nom. nov. Figure 2 , Table 1 Adocia sp. Hechtel, 1976 : p. 240 ( Pernambuco State, Brazil ). Rhizochalina nodulosa Hechtel, 1983 : p. 65, fig. 5–6 (Pernambuco State, Brazil). Oceanapia nodulosa ; Santos et al . 2002 : p. 396 (Pernambuco State, Brazil); Muricy et al . 2011 : p. 109. Not Oceanapia nodulosa ( Topsent, 1928 ) (a valid species). Material examined: UFPEPOR 3172, off Recife Municipality ( 08°06’02’’S 34°42’07’’W ), Pernambuco State, Brazil , depth 30 m , dredge, st. 129, Recife expedition, 5 April 1967 . Comparative material: YPM 5705 ( Holotype ), Recife , Pernambuco State, Brazil , depth 27 m , det. Hechtel (1983) ( Photographs of the specimen, choanosome and spicules). External morphology ( Fig. 2A ). Semispherical sponge, 9.3 x 6.2 cm (length x width). The specimen has nine fistulae, about 0.2–0.6 x 0.2–0.5 cm (length x width), distributed throughout the specimen. The surface is rough and hispid; firm consistency and circular oscules present at the top of the fistulae. Colour when preserved (ethanol 80%) is reddish brown, colour in life is unknown. Skeleton ( Fig. 2B ). Ectosoma multilayered compact crust of tangential spicules, with multispicular fiber bundles (69– 83.3 –102 µm, diameter). Cross-linked choanosomal skeleton with multispicular tracts (81– 107.7 –125 µm) forming well-defined circular meshes (125– 383.7 –625 µm). Spicules ( Fig. 2C ). Oxeas (174– 210.1 –232 / 6– 6.9 –8 µm): curved, smooth, robust and with telescopic tips. Raphidiform oxeas (97 –162.1– 230 / 2.6 µm): smooth, smaller and thinner. Distribution and ecology. Endemic from Pernambuco State, Brazil ( Hechtel 1976 ; 1983 ; Santos et al . 2002 ; Muricy et al . 2011 ) ( Fig. 1 ). This specimen was found over calcareous algae. Etymology. Named after George Hechtel, the authority who designed Rhizochalina nodulosa Hechtel, 1983 . Remarks. Hechtel (1983) described the species from a single specimen, the holotype (YPM 5705), collected in Pernambuco State. We found a topotype specimen (UFPEPOR 3172), described herein. This specimen and the holotype have very similar features; both have a semispherical body with small fragmented fistulae. Their spicule complement of oxeas and its dimensions are similar (see Table 1 ). About the homonymy Oceanapia nodulosa , Topsent (1928) described from the Azores a new species, Phloeodictyon nodulosum . Hechtel (1983) described the new species Rhizochalina nodulosa without observing that Van Soest (1980) had already proposed the genus Rhizochalina and Phloeodictyon as synonyms of Oceanapia . According to the International Code of Zoological Name ( ICZN 1999: 52.2 ) the name Oceanapia nodulosa ( Hechtel, 1983 ) should be rejected. Oceanapia hechteli nom. nov. is herein proposed as a replacement for Oceanapia nodulosa ( Hechtel, 1983 ) homonym of Oceanapia nodulosa ( Topsent, 1928 ) . TABLE 1. Comparative micrometric data on the spicules, shape and distribution overview of Oceanapia species from Atlantic Ocean. Values are in micrometers (µm), expressed as follows: minimum–maximum or minimum– mean –maximum length/width. References are numbered in parentheses and listed after the table.
Species Region / Depth (m) Shape / Colour Spicules
Megascleres Microscleres
Oceanapia cordia sp. nov. Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil / 211 Ovate body, fistulae on the top / Beige 258– 284.9 –312 / 6– 7.7 –9 (Oxeas) -
Oceanapia magna sp. nov. Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil / 108 Semispherical body with numerous digitated fistulae / Brown 125– 218.3 –408 / 2– 8.8 –14 (Oxeas) 10– 18.1 –45 (Sigmas)
Oceanapia hetcheli nom. nov. (Present study) Pernambuco State, Brazil / 30 Semispherical with few fragmented fistulae / Reddish brown 174– 210.1 –232 / 6– 6.9 –8 (Oxeas) 97– 162.1 –230 / 2.6 (Raphidiform oxeas)
Oceanapia hetcheli nom. nov. sensu Hechtel, 1983 1 Pernambuco State, Brazil / 27 Dome-shaped, cylindrical to volcano-shaped projections / Reddish brown 180 / 5 (Oxeas) 85 / 2.5 (Raphidiform oxeas)
Oceanapia topsenti nom. nov. sensu Topsent, 1928 2 Azores / 400 Piriform with fragmented fistulae / Not recorded 265–280 / 15–18 (Oxeas) -
Oceanapia stalagmitica (Present study) Pará State, Brazil / Not recorded Spherical, numerous fistulae on top / Beige 113– 146.8 –167 / 3– 4.8 –6 (Oxeas) 19– 27.2 –35 (Sigma) 19– 28.8 –37 (Toxa)
Oceanapia stalagmitica (Wiedenmayer, 1977) 3 Bahamas / 8–400 Semi incrusting base, cushion shape, fistulae projections / Red-brown 100– 132 –155 / 3.5– 4.2 –5 (Oxeas) 11– 19 –32 (Sigma) 10– 23 –32 (Toxa)
Oceanapia bartschi (De Laubenfels, 1934) 4 Puerto Rico / 146–220 Basal mass which arise fistulae / Green (Ethanol) 250 / 5 (Strongyles) -
Oceanapia bartschi sensu Lehnert & Van Soest 1999 5 Jamaica / 85 Vase shaped, numerous fistulae cover the surface / Blackish brown 78–300 / 2–10 (Strongyles) -
Oceanapia bartschi sensu Campos, Mothes, Eckert & Van Soest, 2005 6 Brazil / Not recorded Globular, single larger central oscules / Not recorded 218– 272.8 –313 / 5– 8.1 –9 (Strongyles) -
Oceanapia aerea (Topsent, 1904) 7 Azores / 1250 Thin fistulae / Dark green 143–160 / 10 (Oxeas) -
Oceanapia ascidia (Schmidt, 1870) 8 Florida / 220 Globular with tubes projections / Not recorded 200 (Oxeas) -
Oceanapia ascidia sensu Van Soest, 2017 9 Guyana and Suriname / 51–98 Body rounded, sturdy fistulae over the main body / Pale brown or pink tinges I = 219– 255 –271 / 8.5– 12.1 –14 II = 77– 104 –129 / 3– 5.2 –7 (Oxeas) -
Oceanapia atlantica Lévi, 1969 10 South Africa / Not recorded Amorphous / Yellow 190–210 / 5–8 (Oxeas) 30–35 (Sigmas)
Oceanapia cancap De Weerdt & Van Soest, 1986 11 Azores / 200–260 Four fistulae fragments / Red brown 320 / 8 (Oxeas) 20 (Sigmas) 50–75 (Toxas)
......continued on the next page References: (1) Hechtel (1983) ; (2) Topsent (1928) ; (3) Wiedenmayer (1977) ; (4) De Laubenfels (1934) ; (5) Lehnert & Van Soest (1999); (6) Campos et al . (2005) ; (7) Topsent (1904) ; (8) Schmidt (1870) ; (9) Van Soest (2017); (10) Lévi (1969) ; (11) De Weerdt & Van Soest (1986) ; (12) Topsent (1892) ; (13) Schmidt (1880) ; (14) Carter (1882) ; (15) George & Wilson (1919) ; (16) Zea (1987) ; (17) Van Soest & Sass (1981) ; (18) Bowerbank (1866) .