The genus Clavariadelphus (Clavariadelphaceae, Gomphales) in China
Author
Huang, Hong-Yan
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
Author
Zhao, Jie
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
Author
Zhang, Ping
College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
Author
Ge, Zai-Wei
Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-4604
Author
Li, Xian
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
xianlikm@163.com
Author
Tang, Li-Ping
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
lipingtang11@qq.com
text
MycoKeys
2020
70
89
121
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.70.54149
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.70.54149
1314-4049-70-89
65FFE6B3A0F25CEF8D1B84BCEB9F6D24
5.
Clavariadelphus himalayensis Methven, Mem. New York Bot. Garden 49: 152, 1989
Figs 2g
, 3e
, 4e, f
, 5e
, 10a, b
Note.
The following description is mainly from
Methven (1989)
, combined with our field notes, including macro-morphology, growth habit, distribution, host plants and examination.
Figure 10.
Microscopic features of
Clavariadelphus himalayensis
(HKAS 58811).
a
Leptocystidia
and immature basidia
b
Basidia.
Description.
Basidiomes
up to 15 cm high, 1-1.5 cm diam. basally, slightly enlarged towards to 2 cm diam., simple, narrow clavate, ligulate to spathulate, laterally compressed in mature specimens;
hymenium
initially smooth, longitudinally rugose in age, greyish-red to pastel-red;
apex
obtuse, smooth, concolorous with the hymenium; surface not staining where cut or bruised;
base
terete, smooth, pruinose, pallid-white;
mycelial hyphae
interwoven, white to pallid;
flesh
soft and spongy, hollow apically in age, white to cream colour, not staining on exposure.
Odour
and
taste
not recorded.
Hymenium
extending over the apex of basidiomata, composed of basidia and leptocystidia.
Basidia
75-95
x
8-11
μm
, clavate, hyaline, thin-walled, (2-) 4-spored, sterigmata 8-10
μm
in length.
Basidiospores
[20/1/1] (7.8-) 8.2- 9.4 (-9.6)
x
(4.6-) 5.0-5.5 (-6.0)
μm
,
Q
= 1.50-1.82 (-1.90),
Q
m = 1.56
+/-
0.08, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid or ovate, with a small apiculus, inamyloid, thin-walled, hyaline in KOH, smooth.
Leptocystidia
50-70
x
2.5-3.5
μm
, scattered amongst and scarcely projecting beyond the basidia, cylindrical to narrowly clavate, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline, non-pigmented, clamped, inflated apically at maturity, at times with apical or subapical branches.
Mycelial hyphae
1-2 or 3-5
μm
diam., interwoven or aggregated into rhizomorphic strands, branched, clamped; walls thin or irregularly slightly thickened, the hyphal walls echinulate under light microscopy, covered nipple-shaped protuberances with SEM.
Chemical reactions.
(dried basidiomes): KOH = positive, golden-yellow; FeCl3 = positive, green-yellow; NH4OH = positive, orange; ethanol, FeSO4,
Melzer's
reagent and phenol = negative.
Known distribution and ecology.
SW China (in this study) and India (
Methven 1989
). Solitary to gregarious habit on the ground in mixed woods at elevations above 3200 m.
Materials examined.
China. Yunnan Province: Shangri-La Prefecture, mixed coniferous (
Pinus
spp.) and broad-leaved forests (
Caragana
spp., dwarf
Quercus monimotricha
and
Sanguisorba
spp.),
27°28.55'N
,
99°53.05'E
, alt. 3280 m, 27 June 2006,
Z.W. Ge 1113
(HKAS 50684). Lijiang Prefecture, mixed conifers, alt. 3300 m, 27 August 2009,
Q. Cai 146
(HKAS 58811).
Comments.
Clavariadelphus himalayensis
was originally described from India (
Methven 1989
). It is the first report from China. Chinese collections match the original descriptions except for slightly smaller basidiospores (8.2-9.4
x
5.0-5.5
μm
). The difference in basidiospore size might be from measurement error or the collections being from different geographical regions.
Clavariadelphus himalayensis
is distinct by its pastel-red to greyish-red, ligulate to spathulate basidiomes flesh that does not stain where bruised or cut, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (9-11
x
5-6
μm
from the holotype;
Methven 1989
), hyphae of the basal mycelium with nipple-shaped protuberances and a negative reaction with phenol. Other taxa from Asia, which might be confused with
C. himalayensis
include
C. mirus
(Pat.) Corner and
C. yunnanensis
. Although similar in size to those of
C. himalayensis
, the basidiomes of
C. mirus
are light brown to brown and produce broadly ovate, larger basidiospores (10-13
x
6-8
μm
;
Methven 1990
).
Clavariadelphus yunnanensis
, known from northern India and SW China, is distinct by its larger basidiomes that are light brown, larger basidiospores (10-13.5
x
6.5-8
μm
), hyphae of the basal mycelium covered by massive nipple-shaped protuberances and a light yellow staining reaction with phenol. Additionally, the flesh of
C. himalayensis
does not stain where bruised or cut, whereas the flesh of
C. mirus
and
C. yunnanensis
slowly stains brunnescent to russet on exposure.
The phylogenetic analyses show that
C. himalayensis
is allied with the sequence of "
C. pistillaris
" and
Clavariadelphus
(JQ991679 from Zhejiang Province, China) from GenBank with weak support (Fig.
1
). More data are needed for understanding the phylogenetic relationship of the three species.