A revision of Anadolua (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae) based on morphological and bioacoustic characters: Newly confirmed data suggesting a new synonym and two new species Author Şirin, Deniz Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, TÜRKİYE Author Taylan, Mehmet Sait Department of Biology, Institute of Postgraduate Education, Hakkari University, Hakkari, TÜRKİYE Author Sevgili, Hasan Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Art & Science, Ordu University, Ordu, TÜRKİYE Author Akyildiz, Dilan Hevra Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, TÜRKİYE Author Güngör, Oğuzhan Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, TÜRKİYE text Zootaxa 2024 2024-10-25 5529 2 201 244 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5529.2.1 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5529.2.1 1175-5326 14022268 3117C020-E488-4791-A629-4357194BEDEC Anadolua bergeri Şirin, Sevgili and Taylan , sp. nov. Anadolua burri : Ünal 2018 , p. 14 –15. Distribution: The specimens belonging to the populations of the new species have been collected until now only from the borders of Konya and Antalya provinces ( Fig. 18A ). Holotype : Male (deposited in alcohol, NKUEM ). Türkiye , Konya : SeydiŞehir , TaraŞçı , near Rezebeli pass, N 37.455172 , E 31.851102 , 1825 m N.N., 07.VIII.2022 , 4 males (including holotype ) and 3 females , leg.: D. Sirin , H. Sevgili & M.S. Taylan - Antalya , GündoğmuŞ-Susambeli road, N 36.906202 , E 32.076154 , 1937 m , 06.VIII.2022 , 1 male , leg.: D. Sirin , H. Sevgili & M.S. Taylan. FIGURE 18. Distribution map (A) and male calling song of Anadolua bergeri sp. nov. (B—two consecutive complete phrases, C—a complete phrase and D—two syllables, black arrow is the hypothetic opening hemisyllable movement and grey arrow is the hypothetic closing hemisyllable movement). Description. Head equal width with pronotum in both sexes. Fastigium mostly wider than scapus in both sexes. Maximum width of fastigium / Maximum width of scapus 0.95–1.40 in male, 1.12–1.13 in female. Dark color between the eyes but not in the form of a band. The dorsal pronotum has a weakly hourglass shape and is weakly flattened in the prozona but distinctly flattened in the metazona, and has a deep transverse depression behind the middle, and its posterior edge is narrowly rounded. Maximum distance between lateral carinae / minimum distance between lateral carinae 2.02–2.33 in male, 2.52–2.76 in female. The median carinae is absent, and the lateral carinae are prominent as round in the second part of the metazona. Hind femur long, its length 4.0–4.5 times of its maximum width in male, 4.0– 4.1 in female. Male tegmina macropterous, reaching the end of second abdominal tergite, the female tegmina is squamipterous with only the tip protruding. The speculum is in quadriform shape (generally trapezoidal), and lateral vein development is usually at the apical corner of the speculum. Costal vein very weak; subcostal vein reach to the apex, generally parallel to radial vein, and rarely, they may merge with a small vein near the apex. Medial vein sinuate at the apex and usually with a dichotomy at the ¾ from the base. The male stridulatory file bears fewer than 50 teeth and the space between the teeth is wider than the A. schwarzi and A. moli sp. nov. ( Table 3 , Fig. 19–20 ). Cercus with internal tooth in male. Male cercus long ( 2.2–2.4 mm ), equal to half of anterior femur, with a strong tooth in the 1/2 parts ( Fig. 9J–K ), last tergite with a deep excision which is narrowed in the first half and widened in the second ( Fig. 5J–K ), Male subgenital plate with a rounded obtusangular excision ( Fig. 7J–K ), female subgenital plate large, with a distinct wide angled excision, and a weak depression at the base of plate ( Fig. 8I ). The basal arms of the titillator spineless, while the apical arms bear a small number of spines near the tip. The number of spines can differ not only between individuals but also between the two arms of an individual ( Fig. 11J–K ). The ovipositor is shorter than 15 mm and weakly structured, straight or slightly curved upwards. Males and females mostly blackish brown, dark orange or dark yellowish dorsally, and brownish or yellowish ventrally in their general appearance. Male individuals generally have a pattern of brownish and/or blackish spots on their bodies on a grey background. Some individuals, especially females, with yellowish and/or dirty yellowish body colour may not have spot patterns. The tegmina from base to the apex is dark in colour up to nearly 1/2 part of it and the rest of it is yellowish or brownish ( Fig. 4J–K ). The whole leg colour matches the general body colour and pattern. FIGURE 19. SEM images of stridulatory file: A. bergeri sp. nov. (A, Konya (Rezebeli) and B, Antalya (GündoğmuŞ)) and A. moli sp. nov. (C, Konya (Sultandag)). Number “1”—Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen of males and Number “2”—stridulatory file of medial teeth at higher magnification. Descriptive diagnosis. Anadolua bergeri sp. nov. is a member of the genus by the character combination as defined to characterize the genus. Among the specimens of this species, it shares similarities with other members of genus by its general morphological characters. The new species shows similarity to A. davisi with long cerci length, the cerci length of these two species being more than 2.2 mm and equal or longer than half of anterior femur ( Fig. 9J–K , Appendix 1A). Also, the shape of the last tergite, with a deep excision, is similar in these two species. These characters are important for the differentiation within the genus allowing separation of A. bergeri sp. nov. and A. davisi from all the other species. A. bergeri sp. nov. differs prominently from others by its distinctive morphological and bioacustical characters. Male cercus length is between 2.2 and 2.4 mm (longer than A. schwarzi and A. moli sp. nov. and shorter than A. davisi ). The length of hind femur generally shorter than A. schwarzi and A. moli sp. nov. ( Table 3 ), and ratio hind femur/cercus ranges between 7.0 and 8.2 ( 5.2 in A. davisi , 9.2–12.0 in A. schwarzi , and 12.5–14.4 in A. moli sp. nov. ). While the phrase of A. bergeri sp. nov. male calling song consists of single-syllable series, the phrases of other three species consist of double or triple syllables group series . Also, other diagnostic characters, namely morphological and acoustical, are presented in the identification keys. Coloration: The colour variation of individuals of the species is very similar to that of A. schwarzi . Two populations of this species are known, and it is seen that this species has dark yellow, grey, light brown and dark brown colour scale in general. (Appendix 7). FIGURE 20. SEM images of stridulatory file: A. schwarzi (A, Muğla (Sandras); B, Denizli (Babadağ); C, İzmir (Bozdağ); D, Antalya (Gömbe-I); E, Antalya (Gömbe-II); F, Antalya (Tahtalıdağ); G, UŞak (Şaphane); H, Kütahya (Civanaga); I, Denizli (Çameli)). Number “1”—Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen of males and Number “2”—stridulatory file of medial teeth at higher magnification. Description of song: A total number of 23 calling song recordings of four males have been examined. The male calling song consists of quite similar phrases in duration ( Fig. 18B ). The calling songs are recorded from males at 28–30°C in room conditions (by D. Şirin and M.S. Taylan). The phrase structure is a distinct different song type in the genus Anadolua and contains continuous single-syllable series. Phrase duration varies from 0.48 to 0.86 s ((0.65 ± 0.11 s). Each phrase contains variable number (12–20) single syllables series. The phrase usually begins with a low amplitude syllable, and then continues and lasts with a similar amplitude syllable series. Each syllable shows a standard structure, formulated as a short and rather indistinct soft opening hemisyllable + loud closing hemisyllable ( Fig. 18C–D ). Oscillographic analyses show that the period durations of the syllables vary between 28.8 and 45.2 ms (38.6 ± 3.43). The durations opening and closing hemisyllables vary between 6.9 and 17.6 ms (9.8 ± 1.21) and between 19.1 and 34.6 ms (29.1 ± 2.54), respectively. Each closing hemisyllable begins with a low amplitude, reaches the highest level at approximately the midpoint, and lasts by decreasing in amplitude after this point. The spectral analyses show that Delta and Peak frequency of the first low amplitude syllable group varies between 23.55 and 39.67 kHz (29.97 ± 4.66) for Delta and between 20.25 and 33.00 kHz (25.58 ± 3.88) for Peak. Delta and Peak frequencies of the Phrase syllable group (except first one) vary between 37.00 and 54.38 kHz (47.34 ± 5.52) for Delta and between 19.13 and 31.50 kHz (27.19 ± 3.53) ( Table 7 ) for Peak. Measurements (mm). Holotype : Measurements (mm): Body length: 24.0, Pronotum: 6.58, Cercus: 2.44, Hind femur: 17.1 ( Table 3 ). Etymology. The new species is named after Dr. Dirk Berger, who has provided great support to the first two authors with different techniques of bioacoustics analysis. He has also made a major contribution to the study of Turkish Stenobothrus in his doctoral thesis. Remarks . The populations previously diagnosed and published ( Ünal, 2018 ) as A. burri from Rezebeli ( Konya ) and GündoğmuŞ ( Antalya ) have been studied in the present study on a large scale.According to the findings obtained, based on morphology and the male calling songs, these populations exhibit distinct differences from Anadolua species. The identification of these populations as A. burri by Ünal (2018) is an expected situation, because the only key that exists is that of Karabağ (1952) and the characters in that key are not distinctive. IUCN status proposal. This species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List (2023-1). The distribution of the A. bergeri is restricted and its habitats are strongly under the threat of the anthropogenic effects such as camping areas, picnic areas, hiking routes, and overgrazing. The species should be considered as a Critically Endangered (B1ab (iii+v)) status based on the extent of occurrence criteria of IUCN (https://www.iucnredlist.org/).