Nine new species of Horismenus Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Brazil, with an emphasis on the fauna of one of the largest tropical forests on the planet, the Atlantic Forest Author Pikart, Tiago G. 0000-0001-7367-8339 Laboratório de Proteção Florestal, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 88520 - 000, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil tiago.pikart@udesc.br Author Schoeninger, Karine 0000-0001-9079-9570 Unidade Laboratorial de Referência em Controle Biológico, Instituto Biológico / APTA, 13101 - 680, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil Author Costa, Valmir A. 0000-0003-0122-3567 Unidade Laboratorial de Referência em Controle Biológico, Instituto Biológico / APTA, 13101 - 680, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil Author Hansson, Christer 0000-0002-9429-0197 Scientific Associate of the Biological Museum (Entomology), Lund University, Lund, Sweden, and of the Natural History Museum, London, U. K. Author Zanuncio, José C. 0000-0003-2026-281X Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570 - 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil Author Serrão, José E. 0000-0002-0477-4252 Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570 - 000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil text Zootaxa 2024 2024-05-17 5453 1 33 62 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5453.1.2 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5453.1.2 1175-5326 11233551 5AE6BDB5-3725-4D55-B605-7E6042189C1C Horismenus sagittatus Pikart, Costa & Hansson , sp. nov. Figs 50 , 72–81 Type material. Holotype ♀ point mounted, with label “ BRASIL , PR [ Paraná ], Morretes, Pq. [Parque] Estadual Pau Oco , 25º34’27,5”S 48º53’33,0”W , Varredura veg.—Am. 25, 09.iv.2002 , MT Tavares e eq., col.” (deposited in MZUSP ). Paratypes . 3♀ . 1♀ , with the same label data as the holotype, but Am. 16 (deposited in MZUSP ); 1♀ , “ BRASIL , SP [ São Paulo ], Salesópolis , Est [ação]. Biol [ógica]. Boracéia , 23º39’01,8”S 45º52’55,5”W , Varredura veg.—Am. 12, 04.iv.2001 , MT Tavares e eq., col.” (deposited in MZUSP ); 1♀ ,“ BRASIL , SP [ São Paulo ], Rib [eirão]. Grande , Pq [ Parque ] Est [adual] Intervales —B[arra]. Grande , 24º18’16”S 48º21’53”W , Arm. Malaise—Bosque 1, 13–16.xii.2000 , MT Tavares e eq., col.” (deposited in BMNH ) . FIGURES 72–75. Horismenus sagittatus sp. nov. , females: 72 , habitus, lateral view, paratype; 73 , mesosoma, dorsal view, holotype; 74 , head, frontal view, paratype; 75 , base of fore wing, setae on costal cell indicated by circles, paratype. MV = marginal vein; SM = submarginal vein. Scale bar: 72 = 500 μm; 73–74 = 100 μm; 75 = 50 μm. FIGURES 76–81. Horismenus sagittatus sp. nov. , females, paratypes: 76 , head, frontal view; 77 , antenna, lateral view; 78 , vertex, reticulate median groove indicated by arrow; 79 , propodeum with wide anterolateral foveae reaching plicae indicated by arrow; 80 , mesosoma, dorsal view; 81 , gaster, dorsal view, reticulate area on first tergite delimited by dashed lines. Scale bar: 76–78 , 80–81 = 100 μm; 79 = 50 μm. Type condition. Holotype and one paratype in good condition. One paratype missing left flagellum and left metatibia, and the other one missing left hind wing. Diagnosis. Malar sulcus present ( Fig. 50 ); vertex with median groove reticulated ( Fig. 78 ); mesoscutum with strong raised reticulation ( Fig. 80 ); propodeal callus with 8–9 setae plus 2–3 additional adjacent to nucha; coxae metallic black ( Fig. 72 ); costal cell with 2 setae ventrally ( Fig. 75 ); petiole 1.9x as long as wide; first gastral tergite with reticulation forming a triangle ( Fig. 81 ). Similar to Horismenus huggerti Hansson , but with malar sulcus present, vertex with median groove reticulated ( Fig. 78 ), propodeal callus with more setae, mid propodeum with reticulation with smaller meshes, petiole short and first gastral tergite more reticulated. Description. Female. Length of body 1.8–2.2 mm . Color. Scape white to yellowish white, pedicel and flagellum metallic dark with blue to metallic bluish green tinges ( Fig. 72 ). Frons and vertex metallic dark to metallic dark bluish green ( Fig. 74 ), median groove dark brown. Mesoscutum metallic dark blue to metallic dark bluish green ( Fig. 73 ). Mesoscutellum metallic dark bluish green ( Fig. 73 ). Propodeum metallic bluish green with parts metallic golden green to metallic dark bluish green. Fore and mid coxae brown with bluish green tinges, hind coxae metallic bluish green to metallic golden green; femora, tibiae and tarsomeres white to yellow white ( Fig. 72 ). Wings hyaline. Petiole dark brown. Gaster with first tergite dark brown in posterior half and metallic dark bluish green in anterior half; remaining tergites dark. Head.Antennae as in Fig. 77 . Frons with interscrobal and clypeal area and just above frontofacial sulcus smooth and shiny, lower frons and part below antennal scrobes with strong raised reticulation, upper frons with strong raised reticulation weakening medially ( Fig. 76 ); frontofacial sulcus V-shaped, incomplete, and not reaching eyes; antennal scrobes joining frontofacial sulcus separately. Malar sulcus present. Upper frons and vertex ( Fig. 78 ) near to occipital margin with strong raised reticulation, margins near eyes smooth and shiny and area within ocellar triangle with engraved reticulation; median groove present as a reticulate line ( Fig. 78 ). Occipital margin rounded. Mesosoma. Mesoscutum ( Fig. 80 ) with strong raised reticulation; notauli distinct. Mesoscutellum with strong engraved reticulation to weak anteriorly with wide mesh-rows side, lateral and posterior margins smooth and shiny; median groove present in anterior half of mesoscutellum. Metascutellum convex, smooth, and shiny, anteriorly with two large foveae or with a large, reticulated band along the anterior margin. Propodeum ( Fig. 79 ) including anterior one-third of the submedian grooves smooth and shiny, posterior two-thirds of the submedian grooves and nucha with strong raised reticulation, median carina with anterior one-third smooth and shiny; anterolateral foveae wide, reaching plicae ( Fig. 79 ); propodeal callus with 8–9 setae and 2–3 additional setae in supracoxal flange to nucha. Coxae smooth and shiny. Fore wing with speculum closed posteriorly; with 18–22 admarginal setae; costal cell with 2 setae ventrally ( Fig. 75 ). Metasoma. Gaster with first tergite with reticulation forming a triangle, reaching almost to posterior margin of tergite, with narrowest part at base and gradually expanding towards posterior margin of tergite ( Fig. 81 ); lateral parts smooth and shiny. Ratios. DE/DO 4.7; WH/DE 2.1; HE/MS/WM 3.5/1.0/1.8; POL/OOL/POO 3.0/1.4/1.0; WH/WT 1.1; LW/LM/ HW 1.9/1.2/1.0; PM/ST 0.5; LC/WC and WG/WC not measurable; LS/LT 0.2; LP/WP 1.9; MM/LG 1.1. Male. Unknown. Remarks. Paratype with 14 admarginal setae in fore wing. Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin sagitta = arrow, in reference to the arrow-shaped reticulate area in female gaster. Distribution. Brazil ( Paraná and São Paulo States). Hosts. Unknown. Species identification. Using the key in Hansson (2009) , females run to subkey C, couplet 9, first alternative, where this species can be differentiated from H. huggerti as mentioned above under diagnosis.