A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador Author Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina Author Whitfield, James B. Author Janzen, Daniel H. Author Winifred Hallwachs, Author Dyer, Lee A. Author Smith, M. Alex Author Hebert, Paul D. N. Author Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. text ZooKeys 2019 890 1 685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 1313-2970-890-1 FD8F695311F64DF2950F6A387340BCE5 2691DADB7BA352BEBA377C901FC0AC97 Glyptapanteles gunnarbrehmi Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Fig. 95 Female. Body length 3.03 mm , antenna length 3.48 mm , fore wing length 3.43 mm . Type material. Holotype : ECUADOR • 1♀ ; EC-15124, YY-A043; Napo , Yanayacu Biological Station , Yanayacu Road ; cloud forest; 2,100 m ; - 0.566667 , -77.866667 ; 02.vi.2006 ; Wilmer Simbana leg.; caterpillar collected in second instar; cocoons formed on 13.vi.2006 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 04.vii.2006 ; ( PUCE ) . Paratypes . • 4 ( 2♀ , 1♂ ) (0 ♀ , 1♂ ); EC-15124, YY-A043; same data as for holotype; ( PUCE ) . Other material. Reared material. ECUADOR : Napo , Yanayacu Biological Station , Yanayacu forest : • 7 ( 6♀ , 0 ♂ ) ( 1♀ , 0 ♂ ); EC-1406, YY-A072; cloud forest; 2,100 m ; - 0.6, -77.883333; 21.i.2005 ; Lee Dyer leg. ; caterpillar collected in second instar; cocoons formed on 23.ii.2006 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 25.ii.2005 . Diagnosis. Hind coxa finely punctate throughout ( Fig. 95J ), antenna longer than body, distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate, scutellar punctation scattered throughout ( Fig. 95E, F ), fore wing with vein 2 cu-a present as spectral vein, sometimes difficult to see, r vein straight, and outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins forming a stub ( Fig. 95K ), median area on T2 broader than long, edges of median area on T2 obscured by weak longitudinal stripes, and lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 distally losing definition on T2 ( Fig. 95G, H ), vertex in dorsal view wide ( Fig. 95D ), in lateral view, metasoma laterally compressed ( Fig. 95A, J ), T3 longer than T2 ( Fig. 95H ), inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets ( Fig. 95B ), petiole on T1 evenly narrowing distally (wide base to a very narrow apex) and finely sculptured ( Fig. 95G, H ), and propodeum without a median longitudinal dent ( Fig. 95F ). Figure 95. Glyptapanteles gunnarbrehmi sp. nov. female EC-1406 YY-A072, EC-15124 YY-A043 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T1-3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind. Coloration ( Fig. 95 A-L ). General body coloration polished black except proximally scape and apically pedicel yellow-brown; all antennal flagellomeres dark brown on both sides; labrum and mandibles light brown; glossa, maxillary and labial palps, and tegulae yellow; propleuron light brown with a tiny yellow-brown distal-ventral spot; both dorsal and ventral furrows of pronotum and ventrally mesosoma with coloration lighter than rest of mesosoma. Eyes silver and ocelli yellowish. Fore and middle legs yellow except brown claws; hind legs yellow except black coxae with apex yellow, femora with a tiny brown area at the apex, tibiae with apex brown, and tarsomeres brown. Petiole on T1 black and sublateral areas light yellow; T2 with median area black, adjacent area brown and lateral ends yellow; T3 mostly brown, lateral ends with proximal half yellow/yellow-brown and distally with a yellow band; T4 and beyond completely brown; distally each tergum with a narrow yellow/whitish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-2 completely ivory; T3-4 yellow, but dorsally brown; T5 and beyond completely dark brown. S1-2 completely yellow; S3-4 yellow, medially brown; penultimate sternum and hypopygium completely brown. Description. Head ( Fig. 95 A-D ). Head rhomboid with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.26:0.09, 0.27:0.09, 0.25:0.09), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.15:0.06, 0.10:0.06), antenna longer than body (3.48, 3.03); antennal scrobes-frons sloped and forming a shelf. Face flat or nearly so, with dense fine punctations, interspaces wavy and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate and interspaces clearly smooth. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.09, 0.14). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli slightly depressed. Vertex laterally pointed or nearly so and dorsally wide. Mesosoma ( Fig. 95A, E, F, I ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distally flat, punctation distinct throughout, interspaces smooth. Scutellum long and slender, apex sloped and fused with BS , scutellar punctation scattered throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM ; ATS demilune with short stubs delineating the area; dorsal ATS groove with semicircular/parallel carinae. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation with a smooth and shiny sloped transverse strip. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular and bisected by a median longitudinal carina; AFM with a small lobe and not as well delineated as PFM ; PFM thick, smooth and with a distal flat flange; ATM proximally with semircular/undulate carina and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half weakly curved with medium-sized sculpture and distal half relatively polished; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron finely sculptured only ventrally and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum convex. Contour of mesopleuron convex; precoxal groove deep, smooth and shiny; epicnemial ridge elongated more fusiform (tapering at both ends). Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus slightly excavated and with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.15, 0.09). Hind coxa with very finely punctate throughout and dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.25, 0.20), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.13, 0.14). Wings ( Fig. 95K, L ). Fore wing with r vein straight; 2RS vein slightly concave; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction forming a slight stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with microtrichiae virtually throughout; veins 2CUa and 2CUb completely spectral; vein 2 cu-a present as spectral vein, sometimes difficult to see; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a straight, incomplete/broken and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally and subproximally straightened, and setae evenly scattered in the margin. Metasoma ( Fig. 95A, G, H, J ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured throughout, evenly narrowing distally (length 0.39, maximum width 0.19, minimum width 0.10) and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.18, length T2 0.18), edges of median area obscured by weak longitudinal stripes, median area broader than long (length 0.18, maximum width 0.25, minimum width 0.08), T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.24, 0.18) and with scattered pubescence only distally. Pubescence on hypopygium dense. Cocoons. Unknown. Male. Similar in coloration to female. Etymology. Gunnar Brehm is a German ecologist. His research focuses on macroecology, biogeography, and systematics of species-rich moth communities in Ecuador and Costa Rica . He works at Phyletisches Museum, Jena, Germany . Distribution. Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Ecuador , Napo , Yanayacu Biological Station (Yanayacu Road), during January 2005 and June 2006 at 2,100 m in cloud forest. Biology. The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious. Host. Pantherodes colubraria viperaria Thierry-Mieg ( Geometriidae : Ennominae ) feeding on Boehmeria caudata ( Urticaceae ). Undetermined species of Lepidoptera feeding on Miriocarpa sp. ( Urticaceae ). Caterpillars were collected in second instar.