Checklist and identification key to Brazilian species of Triplocania Roesler (Psocodea: ‘ Psocoptera’: Psocomorpha: Ptiloneuridae), with four new cavedwelling species Author Neto, Alberto Moreira Da Silva 0000-0002-4522-3756 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, CPEN-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Campus II, Caixa postal 478, CEP 69011 - 97, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. & bio. alberto @ gmail. com; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4522 - 3756 bio.alberto@gmail.com Author García Aldrete, Alfonso N. 0000-0001-7214-7966 Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70 - 153, 04510 México, D. F., MÉXICO. anga @ ib. unam. mx; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7214 - 7966 anga@ib.unam.mx Author Rafael, José Albertino 0000-0002-0170-0514 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, CPEN-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Campus II, Caixa postal 478, CEP 69011 - 97, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. & jarafael @ inpa. gov. br; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0170 - 0514 jarafael@inpa.gov.br Author Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes 0000-0003-3288-4405 Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, BRAZIL. drops @ ufla. br; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3288 - 4405 drops@ufla.br text Zootaxa 2021 2021-03-03 4938 5 537 558 journal article 7725 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.5.2 c5d56758-ab92-4965-9c0c-852961456f18 1175-5326 4575057 51D20CB4-97EF-4EE6-9687-8DE1D4D55E1E Key to the males of Triplocania species found in Brazil 1. Forewings with M 3 branched resulting in M 3a and M 3b ( Fig. 17 )................................................. 2 -. Forewings with M 3 unbranched ( Figs 2 , 9 , 27 ).............................................................. 9 2. Hypandrium of one ( Fig. 12 ) or three clerites ( Figs 5 , 20 , 30 ).................................................. 3 -. Hypandrium of four sclerites ( Fig. 33 )..................................................................... 8 3. Hypandrium of one sclerite............................................................................. 4 -. Hypandrium of three sclerites........................................................................... 5 4. Hypandrium with a long acuminate projection posteriorly, one projection on each antero-lateral extreme, deeply concave in outer margin, distally pointed ( Fig. 34 ), posterior endophallic sclerites with four acuminate projections each, one mesal and three distal ( Fig. 56 )............................................... T. newi Silva-Neto, Rafael & García Aldrete -. Hypandrium with a short acuminate projection posteriorly, one projection on each antero-lateral extreme, anteriorly cleft in the middle ( Fig. 35 ); posterior endophallic sclerites with three acuminate projections each, one mesal and two distal ( Fig. 57 )......................................................................................... T. calcarata New 5. Hypandrium with lateral sclerites located posteriorly, central sclerite with a long, central posterior projection, flanked by two shorter acuminate processes, the outer ones curved outward ( Fig. 36 )................................. T. furcata New -. Hypandrium with lateral sclerites located anteriorly, central sclerite with two, blunt ended posterior projections........... 6 6. Postero-lateral processes of the central sclerite of the hypandrium strongly curved outwards, side struts fused to the external parameres ( Fig. 20 )........................................................................ T. pains n. sp. -. Postero-lateral processes of the central sclerite of the hypandrium straight, almost parallel, side struts not fused to the external parameres........................................................................................... 7 7. Central sclerite of the hypandrium flanked by two large, almost triangular sclerites; posterior projections leaving a wide concavity between them ( Fig. 37 ); distal ends of posterior endophallic sclerites acuminate ( Fig. 58 ).................................................................................. T. mariateresae Silva-Neto, Rafael & García Aldrete -. Central sclerite of the hypandrium flanked by two small, elongate sclerites; posterior projections leaving a narrow concavity between them ( Fig. 38 ); distal ends of posterior endophallic sclerites blunt ( Fig. 59 )............................................................................................. T. plaumanni Silva-Neto, Rafael & García Aldrete 8. Posterior sclerite of the hypandrium anteriorly concave, slender; posterior projection not longer than the antero-posterior length of the anterior sclerite; sickle-shaped lateral projections of the anterior sclerite surpassing the lateral sclerites ( Fig. 33 ).................................................................... T. lamasi Silva-Neto, Rafael & García Aldrete -. Posterior sclerite of the hypandrium anteriorly concave, robust; posterior projection longer than the antero-posterior length of the anterior sclerite; sickle-shaped lateral projections of the anterior sclerite not surpassing the lateral sclerites ( Fig. 39 )................................................................ T. lamasoides Silva-Neto, Rafael & García Aldrete 9. Forewings with a U-shaped band from the apex of the areola postica to the basal and distal part of pterostigma ( Fig. 76 ); side struts stout, expanded, forming a shield................................................................... 10 -. Forewings without a U-shaped band from the apex of the areola postica to the basal and distal part of pterostigma; side struts slender, not expanded................................................................................. 12 10. Hypandrium of three sclerites ( Fig. 40 ); mesal endophallic sclerite U-shaped, wide proximally and narrowing posteriorly ( Fig. 60 )................................................................................ T. magnifica Roesler -. Hypandrium of five sclerites; mesal endophallic sclerite not U-shaped.......................................... 11 11. Hypandrium with median posterior process of the central sclerite short, posterior pair of sclerites slender, elongate, distally overlapped over the central sclerite ( Fig. 41 ); phallosome with a mesal anterior area bag shaped, mesal posterior endophallic sclerites, anteriorly and posteriorly concave, with two projections on each side, slightly curved inward, posteriorly with two stout projections, leaving between them a small concavity distally ( Fig. 61 )........................................................................................................ T. rosae Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael -. Hypandrium with median posterior process of the central sclerite long, posterior pair of sclerites stout, curved outward, not overlapped over the central sclerite ( Fig. 42 ); phallosome without a mesal anterior area bag shaped, mesal posterior endophallic sclerites anteriorly concave, with a small projection on each side, posteriorly with border jagged ( Fig. 62 ).............................................................................. T. manueli Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael 12. Hypandrium of one sclerite............................................................................ 13 -. Hypandrium of three sclerites.......................................................................... 17 13. Marginal pigmentation of the forewings, from R 4+5 to Cu1a, a homogeneous brown band; areola postica sinuous with a concavity in the middle..................................................................................... 14 -. Marginal pigmentation of the forewing, from R 4+5 to Cu1a without a homogeneous brown band, restricted to spots present only on veins distally or completely hyaline; areola postica almost triangular......................................... 15 14. Hypandrium with a median subrectangular posterior projection, without postero-lateral projections ( Fig. 43 ); phallosome with side struts proximally separated, V-shaped and without mesal endophallic sclerites ( Fig. 63 ).............. T. caudata New -. Hypandrium without median posterior projection, postero-lateral projections with toothed inner margin, strongly curved outward ( Fig. 44 ); phallosome with side struts proximally fused, U-shaped and with mesal endophallic sclerites ( Fig. 64 )............................................................................................ T. reflexa Roesler 15. Marginal pigmentation of forewings, from R 4+5 to Cu1a restricted to spots on veins distally, pterostigma with brown bands anteriorly and posteriorly ( Fig. 9 ); hypandrium anchor-shaped, posteriorly projected in the middle ( Fig. 12 ); phallosome with side struts V-shaped ( Figs 13 and 65 ).................................................................... 16 -. Forewings without marginal pigmentation, pterostigma hyaline ( Fig 77 ); hypandrium almost trapezoidal, posteriorly with median margin straight, not projected ( Fig. 45 ); phallosome with side struts U-shaped ( Fig. 66 )........... T. immaculata New 16. Hypandrium with lateral corners almost triangular, with acuminate apices, a median projection distally bilobed, lobes directed outward, blunt ended ( Fig. 46 ).............................................................. T. lucida Roesler -. Hypandrium with lateral corners almost rectangular, two posterior processes stout, distally widened, club-shaped, with fields of short, strong spines, and a small mesal process in the median concavity ( Fig. 12 )................... T. ferratilis n. sp. 17. Transverse mesal endophallic sclerite present.............................................................. 18 -. Transverse mesal endophallic sclerite absent............................................................... 22 18. Central piece of the hypandrium with one or three posterior projections......................................... 19 -. Central piece of the hypandrium with two posterior projections................................................ 20 19. Central piece of the hypandrium with one posterior projection, with rounded apex ( Fig. 47 ); trasnverse mesal endophallic sclerite anteriorly almost straight, posteriorly with two lateral triangular projections ( Fig. 67 ).......................................................................................................... T. rondoniensis García Aldrete -. Central piece of the hypandrium with three posterior projections, a middle one, pointed, setose, flanked by lateral, strongly sclerotized, glabrous acuminate projections ( Fig. 48 ); trasnverse mesal endophallic sclerite biconcave anteriorly, convex posteriorly, widest in the middle, narrowing to the sides ( Fig. 68 )............... T. trifida Silva-Neto, Rafael & García Aldrete 20. Forewing with setae of the veins arising from brown areolae, pterostigma strongly angulate, projected in the middle towards Rs ( Fig. 78 ); hypandrium with side sclerites axe-shaped, with central piece projected anteriorly, lateral fields of short, strong spines, and mesal, longitudinal rows of short spines, and two, almost semi-eliptcial posterior processes ( Fig. 49 ); phallosome with two pairs of endophallic sclerites ( Fig. 69 )...................... T. manauara Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael -. Forewing with setae of the veins not arising from brown areolae, pterostigma almost triangular, not strongly angulate; hypandrium with side sclerites almost triangular, with central piece straight anteriorly, without spines, and two, almost triangular posterior processes; phallosome with four pairs of endophallic sclerites......................................... 21 21. Central piece of the hypandrium with triangular antero-lateral corners, with acuminate apices ( Fig. 50 ); mesal transverse endophallic sclerite basally wide and narrow, with antero-lateral corners projected, elongate, narrowing distally, acuminate, posteriorly with two forked projections, with a deep concavity between them, the inner process curved, acuminate, outer process rectangular, posterior pair of endophallic sclerites with two small antero-lateral projections, and posteriorly with four acuminate projections ( Fig. 70 )................................................. T. inpa Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael -. Central piece of the hypandrium with sinuous antero-lateral corners, blunt ended ( Fig. 51 ); mesal transverse endophallic sclerite anteriorly with two small blunt projections, leaving between them a small concavity, with antero-lateral corners projected, elongate, narrowing distally, acuminate, posteriorly with a convex area in the middle, with two postero-lateral acuminate projections, a small on inner margin and other on outer margin, elongate, distally curved inward; posterior pair of endophallic sclerites divided in two areas by a constriction in the middle, a smaller area posteriorly acuminate, with a tooth on inner margin, the other area with five acuminate projections ( Fig. 71 )................... T. fapeam Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael 22. Marginal pigmentation of forewing, from R 2+3 or R 4+5 to Cu1 b a homogeneous brown band.......................... 23 -. Forewing almost hyaline, without a homogeneous brown band from R 2+3 or R 4+5 to Cu1 b ( Figs 2 , 27 , 79 )............... 25 23. Marginal homogeneous brown band of forewing, from R 2+3 to Cu1 b ( Fig. 80 ); central piece of the hypandrium with two distal processes, acuminate, curved outward ( Fig. 52 ); phallosome with five pairs of endophallic sclerites ( Fig. 72 )........................................................................ T. paranaensis Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael -. Marginal homogeneous brown band of forewing, from R 4+5 to Cu1b ( Figs 81, 82 ); central piece of the hypandrium with two processes distally blunted, not curved; phallosome with five pairs of endophallic sclerites........................... 24 24. Central piece of the hypandrium with posterior median process slightly bilobed distally, antero-lateral corners almost rectangular ( Fig. 53 ); mesal pair of endophallic sclerites V- shaped, inner arms wide proximally, then narrowing smoothly, distally tapered ( Fig. 73 ).................................................. T. calori Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael -. Central piece of the hypandrium with posterior median process distinctly bilobed distally, antero-lateral corners almost triangular ( Fig. 54 ); mesal pair of endophallic sclerites U- shaped, inner arms wide proximally, narrowing distally, blunt ended ( Fig. 74 )........................................................... T. capixaba Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael 25. Posterior median process of the central sclerite of the hypandrium not bilobed distally ( Fig. 55 ); phallosome with side struts narrow throughout its length, not wider in the middle, fused posteriorly to external parameres, two pairs of endophallic sclerites ( Fig. 75 ).................................................... T. mariaelinae Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael -. Posterior median process of the central sclerite of the hypandrium bilobed distally; phallosome with side struts narrow anteriorly, wider in the middle, narrowing posteriorly, not fused posteriorly to external parameres, three pairs of endophallic sclerites .................................................................................................. 26 26. Central piece of the hypandrium anteriorly almost triangular, antero-lateral corners projected, semi-elliptic, with apices rounded; postero mesal process with lobes five times as long as wide ( Fig. 5 ); mesal pair of endophallic sclerites Y-shaped, inner arms projected in the middle, narrowing at the end, with triangular apices, almost together in the middle of endophallus, outer arms stout, elongate, curved inward, widening at the end, bearing a subterminal tooth on outer margin ( Fig. 6 )........................................................................................................ T. brancoi n. sp. -. Central piece of the hypandrium anteriorly almost triangular, with antero-lateral corners projected, triangular, with acuminate apex; postero mesal process, with lobes projections two and a half times longer than wide ( Fig. 30 ); mesal pair of endophallic sclerites, Y-shaped, with inner arms projected in the middle, these elongated, curved outward, narrowing at the end, acuminate distally, outer arms, stout, elongated, sinuous, narrowing at the end, without a subterminal tooth on outer margin ( Fig. 31 )............................................................................................ T. zaire n. sp.