Phylogenetic relationships and sectional delineation within Gentiana (Gentianaceae) Author Favre, Adrien James S. Pringle, & Ekaterina Kozuharova, & Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt / Main, Germany & James S. Pringle, & Ekaterina Kozuharova, & LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt / Main, Germany Author Pringle, James S. Jacqueline Heckenhauer, & Royal Botanical Gardens, P. O. Box 399, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L & H Author Heckenhauer, Jacqueline James S. Pringle, & Ekaterina Kozuharova, & Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt / Main, Germany & James S. Pringle, & Ekaterina Kozuharova, & LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt / Main, Germany Author Kozuharova, Ekaterina Qingbo Gao, & Medical University of Sofia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria Author Gao, Qingbo Emily Moriarty Lemmon, & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Xining 810001, People’s Republic of China Author Lemmon, Emily Moriarty Alan R. Lemmon, & Hang Sun, & Florida State University, Dirac Science Library, Department of Scientific Computing, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 - 4102, U. S. A. & Jiqing Road, Luolong District, Luoyang 471934, People’s Republic of China & Alan R. Lemmon, & Hang Sun, & Florida State University, 89 Chieftan Way, Department of Biological Science, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 - 4295, U. S. A. Author Lemmon, Alan R. Alan R. Lemmon, & Hang Sun, & Florida State University, Dirac Science Library, Department of Scientific Computing, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 - 4102, U. S. A. & Jiqing Road, Luolong District, Luoyang 471934, People’s Republic of China & Alan R. Lemmon, & Hang Sun, & Florida State University, 89 Chieftan Way, Department of Biological Science, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 - 4295, U. S. A. Author Sun, Hang Natalia Tkach, & N & Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, Peoples Republic of China Author Tkach, Natalia Sebastian Gebauer, & Shan-Shan Sun & Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Botany, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Neuwerk 21, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany Author Gebauer, Sebastian Sebastian Gebauer, & Shan-Shan Sun & Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Botany, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Neuwerk 21, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany Author Sun, Shan-Shan & Peng-Cheng Fu & Luoyang Normal University, College of Life Science, Author Fu, Peng-Cheng & Peng-Cheng Fu & Luoyang Normal University, College of Life Science, text TAXON 2020 2020-12-31 69 6 1221 1238 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.12405 journal article 10.1002/tax.12405 1996-8175 14047337 Gentiana sect. Kudoa (Masam.) Satake & Toyok. ex Toyok. in J. Jap. Bot. 35: 202. 1960 ≡ Kudoa Masam. in J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 2: 29. 1930 – Type : Gentiana yakushimensis Makino. = Gentiana sect. Isomeria Kusn. in Trudy S.-Peterburgsk. Obshch. Estestvoisp., Otd. Bot. 24(2): 198. 1894, pro parte ≡ Gentiana subg. Isomeria (Kusn.) Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 3(1): 26. 1995, pro parte – Type : Gentiana depressa D.Don. Table 1. Sectional delineation in Gentiana as treated by selected authors. Comparison among further authors is available from Ho & Liu (2001) in which the original version of this table was published.

This study (2020)	Ho & Liu (2001)	Ho & Liu (1990)	Marquand (1937)	Kusnezow (1894)
sect. Calathianae	sect. Calathianae	sect. Calathianae	sect. Cyclostigma
sect. Ciminalis	sect. Ciminalis	sect. Ciminalis	sect. Thylacites
sect. Gentiana	sect. Gentiana	sect. Gentiana	sect. Coelanthae
sect. Pneumonanthe	sect. Pneumonanthe	sect. Pneumonanthe	sect. Pneumonanthe	sect. Pneumonanthe
sect. Frigida	sect. Frigidae [sic.]	sect. Frigidae [sic.]	sect. Frigidae [sic.]	sect. Frigida
sect. Monopodiae	sect. Monopodiae	sect. Monopodiae
ser. Apteroideae	ser. Apteroideae	ser. Apteroideae	ser. Multiflorae
ser. Sikkimenses
sect. Kudoa	sect. Kudoa
ser. Ornata	ser. Ornata	ser. Ornata
ser. Verticillatae	ser. Verticillatae	ser. Verticillatae
ser. Monanthae	ser. Monanthae
sect. Phyllocalyx	sect. Phyllocalyx	sect. Phyllocalyx
sect. Isomeria	sect. Isomeria	sect. Isomeria	sect. Isomeria
ser. Monanthae
ser. Confertifoliae	ser. Confertifoliae	ser. Confertifoliae
ser. Depressae	ser. Uniflorae	ser. Depressae	ser. Uniflorae
ser. Stragulatae	ser. Stragulatae
ser. Sikkimenses	ser. Sikkimenses	ser. Sikkimenses
sect. Microsperma	sect. Microsperma	sect. Microsperma
ser. Suborbisepalae	ser. Suborbisepalae	ser. Suborbisepalae	ser. Suborbisepalae
ser. Annuae	ser. Annuae	ser. Annuae	ser. Annuae
ser. Tetramerae	ser. Tetramerae
sect. Cruciata	sect. Cruciata	sect. Cruciata	sect. Aptera	sect. Aptera
sect. Chondrophyllae	sect. Chondrophyllae	sect. Chondrophyllae	sect. Chondrophyllae	sect. Chondrophyllae
ser. Fimbriatae	ser. Fimbriatae	ser. Fimbriatae	ser. Fimbriatae
ser. Rubicundae	ser. Rubicundae	ser. Rubicundae	ser. Rubicundae
ser. Humiles	ser. Humiles	ser. Humiles	ser. Humiles
ser. Linearifoliae	ser. Linearifoliae
ser. Pubigerae
ser. Fastigiatae	ser. Fastigiatae	ser. Fastigiatae
ser. Capitatae	ser. Capitatae	ser. Capitatae
ser. Napuliferae	ser. Napuliferae	ser. Napuliferae
ser. Grandiflorae	ser. Grandiflorae	ser. Grandiflorae
ser. Coriaceae	ser. Coriaceae	ser. Coriaceae
ser. Orbiculatae	ser. Orbiculatae	ser. Orbiculatae	ser. Orbiculatae
ser. Piasezkianae	ser. Piasezkianae	ser. Piasezkianae
ser. Fimbricorona	sect. Fimbricorona	sect. Fimbricorona
ser. Dolichocarpa	sect. Dolichocarpa	sect. Dolichocarpa

(Continues) Table 1. Continued.

This study (2020)	Ho & Liu (2001)	Ho & Liu (1990)	Marquand (1937)	Kusnezow (1894)
Excluded:
Metagentiana	sect. Stenogyne	sect. Stenogyne	sect. Stenogyne	sect. Stenogyne
Sinogentiana	sect. Stenogyne	sect. Stenogyne	sect. Stenogyne	sect. Stenogyne
Kuepferia	sect. Otophora	sect. Otophora	sect. Otophora	sect. Otophora

= Gentiana [sect. Frigida ] ser. Verticillatae C.Marquand in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 158. 1937 [“ Gentiana ser. Verticillatae (C.Marquand) T.N.Ho ” in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(4): 11. 198. Ho erroneously called her taxonomic assignment of ser. Verticillatae into sect. Monopodiae a “comb. nov.”] ≡ Gentiana [sect. Frigida ser. Ornatae ] subser. Verticillatae (C.Marquand) Harry Sm. in Kew Bull. 15(1): 54. 1961 ≡ Gentiana sect. Verticillatae (C.Marquand) Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 3(1): 26. 1995 – Type : Gentiana hexaphylla Maxim. ex Kusn. = Gentiana [sect. Frigida ] ser. Ornatae C.Marquand in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 159. 1937 [“ Gentiana ser. Ornatae (C.Marquand) T.N.Ho ” in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(4): 11. 1985. Ho erroneously called her taxonomic assignment of ser. Ornatae into sect. Monopodiae a “comb. nov.”] ≡ Gentiana [sect. Frigida ser. Ornatae ] subser. Oppositifoliae Harry Sm. in Kew Bull. 15(1): 54. 1961 ≡ Gentiana sect. Ornatae (C.Marquand) Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 3(1): 26. 1995 – Type : Gentiana sinoornata Balf.f. = Gentiana subsect. Monopodiae Harry Sm. in Kew Bull. 15(1): 43. 1961, pro parte ≡ Gentiana sect. Monopodiae (Harry Sm.) T.N.Ho in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(4): 10. 1985, pro parte ≡ Gentiana subg. Monopodiae (Harry Sm.) Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 3(1): 25. 1995, pro parte – Type : Gentiana cephalantha Franch. ex Hemsl. = Gentiana [sect. Isomeria ] ser. Stragulatae T.N.Ho in Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(4): 13. 1985 ≡ Gentiana sect. Stragulatae (T.N.Ho) Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 3(1): 26. 1995 – Type : Gentiana stragulata Balf.f. & Forrest ex C.Marquardt. Thirty species in the Himalayas, China , Japan .