Illustrated review of the leaf-mining Nepticulidae of the central Andes (Peru and Bolivia) Author Stonis, Jonas R. Author Diškus, Arūnas Author Remeikis, Andrius Author Karsholt, Ole Author Torres, Nixon Cumbicus text Zootaxa 2017 4257 1 1 70 journal article 33173 10.5281/zenodo.556874 90f99d44-c68c-4602-90f1-2802409db73d 1175-5326 556874 98E19676-EC03-4026-B4B6-39BEC10B5A05 21. Stigmella calceolarifoliae Diškus & Stonis, 2016 ( Figs 1 , 19–24 , 35 ) Stigmella calceolarifoliae Diškus & Stonis, in Stonis et al . 2016d : 79 , 84, 85, figs 245–255. Material examined. 1 ♂ (holotype), 2♀ ( paratypes ), BOLIVIA , Copacabana (southern shore of Lake Titicaca ), 16°09'42"S , 69°05'19"W , elevation 3930 m , mining larvae on Calceolaria sp. 28.iv.2014 , ex pupa v.2014 , field card no. 5170, A. Diškus , genitalia slide nos AD 650♂ ( holotype ), AD 649♀ , AD 702♀ ( paratypes ) ( ZMUC ) . Diagnosis. Belongs to S. pandora group. The combination of speckled forewing, distally four-lobed uncus, pointed apical processes of valva, long slender lobes of vinculum, transtilla without sublateral processes, and specific set of four large spine-like cornuti distinguishes S. calceolarifoliae from all other Stigmella species. The host-plant Calceolaria (Calceolariaceae) also makes this species distinctive. Male ( Fig. 35 ). Described in in Stonis et al . 2016d : 84, 85, fig. 246. Forewing length 2.5–2.8 mm ; wingspan 5.5–6.2 mm . Female. Similar to male. Male genitalia. Illustrated in Stonis et al . 2016d : figs 246–248. Female genitalia. Illustrated in Stonis et al . 2016d : fig. 249. Bionomics ( Figs 131–133 ). Larva mines in leaves of Calceolaria (Calceolariaceae) ( Figs 131, 132 ). Larva greyish white; mine in April. Leaf-mine as a gallery strongly widening in distal part (therefore resembling a blotch) ( Fig. 133 ). In the beginning, beige to dark brown frass filling the whole width of the gallery; further the gallery widened to a blotch with dark brown to brown-black frass distributed irregularly, with very wide unfilled areas of the gallery left. Larval exit slit on upper side of the leaf. Cocoon pale beige to beige; length 2.0– 2.2 mm , maximum width 1.0– 1.1 mm . Distribution ( Fig. 1 ). This species occurs in the Altiplano of the Bolivian Andes ( Bolivia : southern shore of Lake Titicaca) at altitudes about 3930 m ( Figs 19–24 ).