Rhinolophidae Author Burgin, Connor text 2019 2019-10-31 Lynx Edicions Barcelona Editor Wilson, Don E. Editor Mittermeier, Russell A. Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats 280 332 book chapter http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3748525 6384b520-7e9f-4874-a414-76c2e9b01d74 978-84-16728-19-0 3748525 80 . Poso Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus belligerator French: Rhinolophe de Poso I German: Zentralsulawesi-Hufeisennase I Spanish: Herradura de Poso Other common names: Belligerent Horseshoe Bat Taxonomy. Rhinolophus belligerator Patrick, McCulloch & Ruedas, 2013 , “ Permana Cave, near Poso , Sulawesi Tengah Province , Sulawesi , Indonesia .” Rhinolophus belligerator is included in the euryotis species group, although its phylogenetic relationships are uncertain; it was only recently described as separate from R. arcuatus , based on morphometric data from the single known specimen. This locality was traditionally considered to represent a disjunct record of R. arcuatus proconsulis , but that form too is now recognized as a distinct species. There appears to be another new species typically assigned to arcuatus from the central highlands of Sulawesi that still requires an adequate description. Specimens initially attributed to. arcuatus were recendy collected from south-western Sulawesi and are tentatively considered R. belligerator because of their lowland occurrence, but extensive analysis is needed as they could represent the abovementioned undescribed central highlands species. Specimens attributed to R arcuatus from Melanesia probably represent either this species or R. mcintyrei , further study is needed. Monotypic. Distribution. C & SE Sulawesi . Descriptive notes . Head-body 52-1-60- 9 mm , tail 15-4-21- 1 mm , ear 18-5-22- 1 mm , hindfoot 6-4—12- 1 mm , forearm 47-4—51- 8 mm ; weight 10-12- 5 g . The Poso Horseshoe Bat is similar to the Arcuate Horseshoe Bat ( arcuatus ) and the Bornean Woolly Horseshoe Bat (. proconsulis ). It has only recently been defined on craniodental morphometries and a full description is not yet possible, although based on notes on the type specimen, it differs from the Bornean Woolly Horseshoe Bat by its slightly wider and more ovate sella, slightly longer rostrum, and somewhat higher median anterior rostral swellings. A more thorough investigation is needed to differentiate this species clearly from the Bornean Woolly Horseshoe Bat, the Arcuate Horseshoe Bat, and McIntyre’s Horseshoe Bat ( R. mcintyrei ). Habitat. Recorded in secondary lowland forests in SW Sulawesi . The holotype is known from an area close to sea level. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. No information. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN ed List. The Poso Horseshoe Bat was only known from a single specimen until 2011 when a number of specimens were reported from south-western Sulawesi (Mangolo Nature Recreation Park), although the identification of these specimens still needs to be confirmed, as they may represent the undescribed highland form currently attributed to the Arcuate Horseshoe Bat. The Poso Horseshoe Bat may be threatened by habitat destruction. Further sampling is needed to determine this species’ validity and full distribution. Bibliography. Hill (1988), Patrick & Ruedas (2017a), Patrick et al. (2013), Wiantoro et al. (2017).