<document id="A81470CA3B8479843E388626AC01C275" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5399.5.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10517346" ID-ZooBank="DDB8229D-CF5D-491D-98AD-1F86A4151363" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1705393190245" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Faustino-Magalhaes, Mayara D., Piacentini, Luis N. &amp; Santos, Adalberto J." docDate="2024" docId="7E6D401BFFF3B62BFF5ACAE6FB8DF858" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5399.5.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5399 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Xenoctenus Mello-Leitao 1938" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="519" masterDocId="82543863FFF1B629FFCDCF65FFBFFF85" masterDocTitle="The desert wolf-spider genus Xenoctenus: two endemic species from the Brazilian Caatinga, and a redescription of the type-species, X. unguiculatus (Araneae: Xenoctenidae)" masterLastPageNumber="539" masterPageNumber="517" pageNumber="519" updateTime="1705394602502" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A26BAD800569BE958AFF97A809DD7FF7">The desert wolf-spider genus Xenoctenus: two endemic species from the Brazilian Caatinga, and a redescription of the type-species, X. unguiculatus (Araneae: Xenoctenidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C40759264D16E42464D2F9FE831B9E12">Faustino-Magalhaes, Mayara D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="71777766B1DD42D4262967850D0AB135">Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. &amp; Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. &amp; Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. CEP 31270 - 901.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E0CBCE428CD8ADF916D86EA0C84E6F8C">Piacentini, Luis N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DCB418BBB63147C50FD9219656D0E2BE">División de Aracnología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “ Bernardino Rivadavia ”, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C 1405 DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1AC65A4ACF4491D856917D561DF83570">Santos, Adalberto J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="738EA1D499A9F7339FA5365B9299DBF4">Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. &amp; Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. CEP 31270 - 901. &amp; Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. &amp; Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="7E6D401BFFF3B62BFF5ACAE6FB8DF858" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517251" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10517251" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E6D401BFFF3B62BFF5ACAE6FB8DF858" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E6D401BFFF3B62BFF5ACAE6FB8DF858" lastPageNumber="519" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
<subSubSection id="BEDEA286FFF3B62BFF5ACAE6FDD1FA18" box="[151,622,1411,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F67BF10DFFF3B62BFF5ACAE6FDD1FA18" blockId="2.[151,622,1411,1437]" box="[151,622,1411,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
<heading id="AD334661FFF3B62BFF5ACAE6FDD1FA18" bold="true" box="[151,622,1411,1437]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" reason="1">
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFF5ACAE6FDD1FA18" bold="true" box="[151,622,1411,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
Genus 
<taxonomicName id="31C48A8EFFF3B62BFF23CAE6FDD1FA18" ID-CoL="88QL" ID-ENA="1956946" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1938" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1938" box="[238,622,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Xenoctenidae" genus="Xenoctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFF23CAE6FEC3FA18" bold="true" box="[238,380,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Xenoctenus</emphasis>
Mello-Leitão, 1938
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</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F67BF10DFFF3B62BFF5ACAAEFD86F98C" blockId="2.[151,1437,1483,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFF5ACAAEFE90FA60" bold="true" box="[151,303,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
<typeStatus id="297F4FAFFFF3B62BFF5ACAAEFF6DFA60" box="[151,210,1483,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31C48A8EFFF3B62BFEFECAA9FD72FA60" ID-CoL="7FX62" authority="Mello-Leit" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1938" box="[307,717,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Xenoctenidae" genus="Xenoctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguiculatus">
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFEFECAA9FDF5FA60" box="[307,586,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Xenoctenus unguiculatus</emphasis>
Mello-Leit
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„o, 1938, by monotypy (considered a 
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFB91CAA9FB40FA60" box="[1116,1279,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">nomen dubium</emphasis>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="92558CFCFFF3B62BFAEECAAEFEE7F98C" author="Carcavallo, R. U. &amp; Martinez, A." pageId="2" pageNumber="519" pagination="75 - 82" refId="ref13043" refString="Carcavallo, R. U. &amp; Martinez, A. (1967) Revision del genero Xenoctenus M. Leit &quot; o (Araneae: Ctenidae). Segunda Jornada Entomoepidemiologica Argentina, 1 (1965), 75 - 82." type="journal article" year="1967">Carcavallo &amp; Martínez 1967</bibRefCitation>
but here validated).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F67BF10DFFF3B62BFF0AC976FBF1F964" blockId="2.[151,1437,1483,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFF0AC976FE0EF9A8" bold="true" box="[199,433,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="31C48A8EFFF3B62BFE0FC971FD20F9A8" box="[450,671,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFE0FC971FDFCF9A8" box="[450,579,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Xenoctenus</emphasis>
species
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can be differentiated from other 
<taxonomicName id="31C48A8EFFF3B62BFBEFC976FB03F9A8" ID-CoL="HXL" authorityName="Ramirez &amp; Silva-Davila" authorityYear="2017" box="[1058,1212,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Xenoctenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Xenoctenidae</taxonomicName>
by the presence of flexible tarsi in both sexes (
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFE04C952FD91F9D4" box="[457,558,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,661,685]" captionTargetBox="[215,1371,181,637]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[215,1371,181,637]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Xenoctenus vittatus (Mello-Leit„o, 1936) comb. nov. from Jequié, Bahia, Brazil (UFMG 13690). A, female epigynum, not bleached, ventral. B, leg I, flexible tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517368/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
). Males can be distinguished from other xenoctenids by the tip of the cymbium with a thick scopula, without macrosetae (
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFDBBC93EFD00F9F3" box="[630,703,1627,1654]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1207,1231]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,183,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1436,181,1183]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Xenoctenus unguiculatus Mello-Leit„o, 1938, male from PN Sierra de las Quijadas, San Luis, Argentina (MACN- Ar 45013).A, C, palp.A, prolateral. B, ventral. C, retrolateral.Abbreviations:C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RTP, retrolateral tegular projection. White star on tegular distal division (TDD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517356/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Figs 5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFD00C93EFCADF9F0" box="[717,786,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,190,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-23@10.[189,1399,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Xenoctenus vittatus (Mello-Leit„o, 1936) comb. nov. A–C, male from Jaguaribe, Ceará, Brazil (CNHUFPI 2521), bleached palp. A, prolateral. B, ventral. C, retrolateral. D, male from Castelo do Piauí, Piauí, Brazil (CHNUFPI 2385), habitus, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; ELL, embolar locked lobe; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RTP, retrolateral tegular projection; StLL, subtegular locking lobe. White star on tegular distal division (TDD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517360/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">7A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFCD3C93EFC92F9F0" box="[798,813,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,997,1021]" captionTargetBox="[161,1429,186,973]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,973]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Xenoctenus vittatus (Mello-Leit„o, 1936) comb. nov., male from Pentecoste, Ceará, Brazil (UFMG 20950). A–C, expanded palp. A, prolateral. B, ventral. C, retrolateral. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; ELL, embolar locked lobe; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RTP, retrolateral tegular projection; StLL, subtegular locked lobe. White star on tegular distal division (TDD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517364/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFCF1C93EFC31F9F0" box="[828,910,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,186,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[179,1408,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Xenoctenus kaatinga Faustino-Magalhaes &amp; Santos sp. nov., male from Alvorada do Gurguéia, Piauí, Brazil (CNHUFPI 2450).A–C, bleached palp. A, prolateral. B, ventral. C, retrolateral. D. habitus, dorsal.Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RTP, retrolateral tegular projection; StLL, subtegular locking lobe. White star on tegular distal division (TDD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517370/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">11A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFC57C93EFC51F9F0" box="[922,1006,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,210,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-23@16.[151,1436,199,1801]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Xenoctenus kaatinga Faustino-Magalhaes &amp; Santos sp. nov., male and female from Alvorada do Gurguéia, Piauí, Brazil (CNHUFPI 2448). A–B, expanded, bleached male palp. A, prolateral. B, retrolateral. C, bleached female epigynum, ventral. D, bleached internal female genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; ELL, embolar locked lobe; LL, lateral lobes; LLE, lateral lobes extension; MA, median apophysis; MF, median field; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RTP; retrolateral tegular projection; S1, primary spermathecae; S2, secondary spermathecae; St, subtegulum, StLL, subtegular locking lobe; T, tegulum. White star on tegular distal division (TDD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517376/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">12A–B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFC37C93EFBEFF9F0" box="[1018,1104,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1711,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[151,1436,199,1687]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. A–B, Xenoctenus vittatus (Mello-Leit„o, 1936) comb. nov., male and female from Itacuruba, Pernambuco, Brazil (UFMG 20060). A, male palp, ventral. B, female internal genitalia, dorsal. C–D, Xenoctenus kaatinga Faustino-Magalhaes &amp; Santos sp. nov., male and female from Alvorada do Gurguéia, Piauí, Brazil (CHNUFPI 2448). C, male palp, ventral. D, female internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; RTP, retrolateral tegular projection; StLL, subtegular locking lobe; S1, primary spermathecae; S2, secondary spermathecae. Black star on tegular distal division (TDD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517378/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">13A, C</figureCitation>
). The palps also differ by the retrolateral tegular projection (RTP) being long, concave and located anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFBDDC91AFB32F91C" box="[1040,1165,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1779,1803]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1755]" captionTargetId="figure-23@6.[151,1436,181,1755]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Xenoctenus unguiculatus Mello-Leit„o, 1938. Male from Reserva Natural y Cultural Bosques Telteca, Mendoza, Argentina (MACN-Ar 35619).A, palp, prolateral. B, ventral. C, retrolateral. D, habitus, dorsal view.Abbreviations: E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; RTP, retrolateral tegular projection; StLL, subtegular locking lobe. White star on tegular distal division (TDD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517354/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Figs 4A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFB5AC91AFB62F91C" box="[1175,1245,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,190,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-23@10.[189,1399,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Xenoctenus vittatus (Mello-Leit„o, 1936) comb. nov. A–C, male from Jaguaribe, Ceará, Brazil (CNHUFPI 2521), bleached palp. A, prolateral. B, ventral. C, retrolateral. D, male from Castelo do Piauí, Piauí, Brazil (CHNUFPI 2385), habitus, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; ELL, embolar locked lobe; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RTP, retrolateral tegular projection; StLL, subtegular locking lobe. White star on tegular distal division (TDD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517360/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">7A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFB2AC91AFB49F91C" box="[1255,1270,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,997,1021]" captionTargetBox="[161,1429,186,973]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,181,973]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Xenoctenus vittatus (Mello-Leit„o, 1936) comb. nov., male from Pentecoste, Ceará, Brazil (UFMG 20950). A–C, expanded palp. A, prolateral. B, ventral. C, retrolateral. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; ELL, embolar locked lobe; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RTP, retrolateral tegular projection; StLL, subtegular locked lobe. White star on tegular distal division (TDD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517364/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFACCC91AFAECF91C" box="[1281,1363,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,186,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[179,1408,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Xenoctenus kaatinga Faustino-Magalhaes &amp; Santos sp. nov., male from Alvorada do Gurguéia, Piauí, Brazil (CNHUFPI 2450).A–C, bleached palp. A, prolateral. B, ventral. C, retrolateral. D. habitus, dorsal.Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RTP, retrolateral tegular projection; StLL, subtegular locking lobe. White star on tegular distal division (TDD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517370/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">11A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFA93C91AFF13F93B" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,210,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-23@16.[151,1436,199,1801]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Xenoctenus kaatinga Faustino-Magalhaes &amp; Santos sp. nov., male and female from Alvorada do Gurguéia, Piauí, Brazil (CNHUFPI 2448). A–B, expanded, bleached male palp. A, prolateral. B, retrolateral. C, bleached female epigynum, ventral. D, bleached internal female genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; ELL, embolar locked lobe; LL, lateral lobes; LLE, lateral lobes extension; MA, median apophysis; MF, median field; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RTP; retrolateral tegular projection; S1, primary spermathecae; S2, secondary spermathecae; St, subtegulum, StLL, subtegular locking lobe; T, tegulum. White star on tegular distal division (TDD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517376/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">12A– B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFF74C9C6FEB1F938" box="[185,270,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1711,1735]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,200,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[151,1436,199,1687]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. A–B, Xenoctenus vittatus (Mello-Leit„o, 1936) comb. nov., male and female from Itacuruba, Pernambuco, Brazil (UFMG 20060). A, male palp, ventral. B, female internal genitalia, dorsal. C–D, Xenoctenus kaatinga Faustino-Magalhaes &amp; Santos sp. nov., male and female from Alvorada do Gurguéia, Piauí, Brazil (CHNUFPI 2448). C, male palp, ventral. D, female internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; RTP, retrolateral tegular projection; StLL, subtegular locking lobe; S1, primary spermathecae; S2, secondary spermathecae. Black star on tegular distal division (TDD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517378/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">13A, C</figureCitation>
). Females differ by a strongly sclerotized epigynum and the primary spermathecae long, with irregular margins, and secondary spermathecae anteriorly positioned (
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFCF3C9A2FC39F964" box="[830,902,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1463,1487]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,181,1439]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[164,1423,181,1439]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Xenoctenus unguiculatus Mello-Leit„o, 1938, female epigynum (A, C) and internal genitalia (B, D). A, B, female from Caucete, San Juan, Argentina (MACN-Ar 35624). A, ventral. B, dorsal. C, D, female from PN Sierra de las Quijadas, San Luis, Argentina (MACN-Ar 45013). C, ventral. D, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory ducts; LL, lateral lobes; LLE, lateral lobes extension; MF, median field; S1, primary spermathecae; S2, secondary spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517358/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Figs 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFC5FC9A2FC1DF964" box="[914,930,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[196,1386,192,1843]" captionTargetId="figure-23@12.[185,1402,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 9. Xenoctenus vittatus (Mello-Leit„o, 1936) comb. nov., bleached female epigynum (A, C, E) and internal genitalia (B, D, F). A–B, female from Jaguaribe, Ceará, Brazil (CNHUFPI 2521). A, ventral. B, dorsal. C–D, female from Guaribas, Piauí, Brazil (IBSP 56027). C, ventral. D, dorsal. E–F, female from Guaribas, Piauí, Brasil (CNHUFPI 2398). E, ventral. F, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory ducts; LL, lateral lobes; LLE, lateral lobes extension; MF, median field; MG, median groove; S1, primary spermathecae; S2, secondary spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517366/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFC63C9A2FC5EF964" box="[942,993,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,661,685]" captionTargetBox="[215,1371,181,637]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[215,1371,181,637]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Xenoctenus vittatus (Mello-Leit„o, 1936) comb. nov. from Jequié, Bahia, Brazil (UFMG 13690). A, female epigynum, not bleached, ventral. B, leg I, flexible tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517368/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">10A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFC20C9A2FBFDF964" box="[1005,1090,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,210,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-23@16.[151,1436,199,1801]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12. Xenoctenus kaatinga Faustino-Magalhaes &amp; Santos sp. nov., male and female from Alvorada do Gurguéia, Piauí, Brazil (CNHUFPI 2448). A–B, expanded, bleached male palp. A, prolateral. B, retrolateral. C, bleached female epigynum, ventral. D, bleached internal female genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; ELL, embolar locked lobe; LL, lateral lobes; LLE, lateral lobes extension; MA, median apophysis; MF, median field; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RTP; retrolateral tegular projection; S1, primary spermathecae; S2, secondary spermathecae; St, subtegulum, StLL, subtegular locking lobe; T, tegulum. White star on tegular distal division (TDD)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10517376/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">12C–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F67BF10DFFF3B62BFF0AC98EFC8AF8F4" blockId="2.[151,1437,1483,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFF0AC98EFE28F880" bold="true" box="[199,407,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Species included.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31C48A8EFFF3B62BFE6FC989FB95F880" authority="Carcavallo &amp; Martinez, 1967" authorityName="Carcavallo &amp; Martinez" authorityYear="1967" box="[418,1066,1771,1797]" class="Arachnida" family="Xenoctenidae" genus="Xenoctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gomezraggioi">
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFE6FC989FD77F880" box="[418,712,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Xenoctenus gomezraggioi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="92558CFCFFF3B62BFD1EC98EFB95F880" author="Carcavallo, R. U. &amp; Martinez, A." box="[723,1066,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" pagination="75 - 82" refId="ref13043" refString="Carcavallo, R. U. &amp; Martinez, A. (1967) Revision del genero Xenoctenus M. Leit &quot; o (Araneae: Ctenidae). Segunda Jornada Entomoepidemiologica Argentina, 1 (1965), 75 - 82." type="journal article" year="1967">Carcavallo &amp; Martínez, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="31C48A8EFFF3B62BFBF4C989FE3AF8AC" authority="Faustino-Magalhaes &amp; Santos" authorityName="Faustino-Magalhaes &amp; Piacentini &amp; Santos" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Xenoctenidae" genus="Xenoctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaatinga" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFBF4C989FA98F880" box="[1081,1319,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Xenoctenus kaatinga</emphasis>
Faustino-Magalhaes &amp; Santos
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFE42C86AFE53F8AC" bold="true" box="[399,492,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DF839064FFF3B62BFE42C86AFE53F8AC" box="[399,492,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="31C48A8EFFF3B62BFE30C875FC1CF8AC" ID-CoL="7FX62" authority="Mello-Leit" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1938" box="[509,931,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Xenoctenidae" genus="Xenoctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unguiculatus">
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFE30C875FCA6F8AC" box="[509,793,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Xenoctenus unguiculatus</emphasis>
Mello-Leit
</taxonomicName>
„o, 1938, 
<taxonomicName id="31C48A8EFFF3B62BFBDCC875FB51F8AC" authorityName="Faustino-Magalhaes &amp; Piacentini &amp; Santos" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1041,1262,1808,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Xenoctenidae" genus="Xenoctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittatus">
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFBDCC875FB51F8AC" box="[1041,1262,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Xenoctenus vittatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Mello-Leit„o, 1936) 
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFF13C856FEE3F8C8" bold="true" box="[222,348,1843,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">comb. nov.</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="31C48A8EFFF3B62BFEA5C851FD4CF8C8" ID-CoL="7FWTQ" authority="Mello-Leit" authorityName="Mello-Leit" box="[360,755,1843,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Xenoctenidae" genus="Xenoctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pampeanus">
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFEA5C851FDD1F8C8" box="[360,622,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Xenoctenus pampeanus</emphasis>
Mello-Leit
</taxonomicName>
„o, 1940; 
<taxonomicName id="31C48A8EFFF3B62BFC9AC851FB54F8C8" ID-CoL="7FX5Q" authority="Mello-Leit" authorityName="Mello-Leit" box="[855,1259,1843,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Xenoctenidae" genus="Xenoctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patagonicus">
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFC9AC851FBD9F8C8" box="[855,1126,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Xenoctenus patagonicus</emphasis>
Mello-Leit
</taxonomicName>
„o, 1940 (
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFA9FC851FF54F8F4" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">nomen dubium</emphasis>
); 
<taxonomicName id="31C48A8EFFF3B62BFECEC83DFC8FF8F4" authority="Carcavallo &amp; Martinez, 1967" authorityName="Carcavallo &amp; Martinez" authorityYear="1967" box="[259,816,1879,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Xenoctenidae" genus="Xenoctenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proseni">
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFECEC83DFE61F8F4" box="[259,478,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Xenoctenus proseni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="92558CFCFFF3B62BFE28C832FC8FF8F4" author="Carcavallo, R. U. &amp; Martinez, A." box="[485,816,1879,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" pagination="75 - 82" refId="ref13043" refString="Carcavallo, R. U. &amp; Martinez, A. (1967) Revision del genero Xenoctenus M. Leit &quot; o (Araneae: Ctenidae). Segunda Jornada Entomoepidemiologica Argentina, 1 (1965), 75 - 82." type="journal article" year="1967">Carcavallo &amp; Martínez, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEDEA286FFF3B62BFF0AC81EFB8DF858" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F67BF10DFFF3B62BFF0AC81EFB8DF858" blockId="2.[151,1437,1483,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">
<emphasis id="C4B02D1FFFF3B62BFF0AC81EFEE6F810" bold="true" box="[199,345,1915,1941]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Distribution</emphasis>
. The genus is known mostly from xeric environments in 
<collectingCountry id="8ED3B19DFFF3B62BFBDDC81EFBC0F810" box="[1040,1151,1915,1941]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Argentina</collectingCountry>
and northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="8ED3B19DFFF3B62BFA95C81EFA23F810" box="[1368,1436,1915,1941]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Caatinga domain), with isolated records in southern 
<collectingCountry id="8ED3B19DFFF3B62BFD2AC8FAFC94F83C" box="[743,811,1951,1977]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="8ED3B19DFFF3B62BFC3CC8FAFBDFF83C" box="[1009,1120,1951,1977]" name="Argentina" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="6EFFED88FFF3B62BFBA3C8FAFB4EF83C" box="[1134,1265,1951,1977]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 14" captionStart-1="FIGURE 15" captionStart-2="FIGURE 16" captionStartId-0="18.[151,250,1056,1080]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,250,1982,2006]" captionStartId-2="19.[151,250,1220,1244]" captionTargetBox-0="[218,1374,186,1029]" captionTargetBox-1="[218,1375,1110,1956]" captionTargetBox-2="[170,1423,187,1191]" captionTargetId-0="figure-23@18.[213,1374,181,1032]" captionTargetId-1="figure-38@18.[213,1375,1105,1959]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@19.[164,1423,181,1197]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionText-0="FIGURE 14. Geographic distribution records of Xenoctenus Mello-Leit„o, 1938 in South America." captionText-1="FIGURE 15. Geographic distribution records of Xenoctenus unguiculatus Mello-Leit„o, 1938 inArgentina and southern Brazil. The “?” indicates that the specific locality is unknown as it was reported only as the Province of Buenos Aires." captionText-2="FIGURE 16. Geographic distribution records of Xenoctenus kaatinga Faustino-Magalhaes &amp; Santos sp. nov. and Xenoctenus vittatus (Mello-Leit„o, 1936) comb. nov. on northeastern Brazilian Caatinga domain. The type locality of X. vittatus is uncertain, as it is reported only as the Brazilian state of Paraiba." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517382" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517384" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10517388" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10517382/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10517384/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10517388/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Figs 14–16</figureCitation>
). Records from 
<collectingCountry id="8ED3B19DFFF3B62BFF5AC8A6FF56F858" box="[151,233,1987,2013]" name="Bolivia" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="8ED3B19DFFF3B62BFEEDC8A6FE31F858" box="[288,398,1987,2013]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="519">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="92558CFCFFF3B62BFE50C8A6FD5EF858" author="Carcavallo, R. U. &amp; Martinez, A." box="[413,737,1987,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="519" pagination="75 - 82" refId="ref13043" refString="Carcavallo, R. U. &amp; Martinez, A. (1967) Revision del genero Xenoctenus M. Leit &quot; o (Araneae: Ctenidae). Segunda Jornada Entomoepidemiologica Argentina, 1 (1965), 75 - 82." type="journal article" year="1967">Carcavallo &amp; Martínez 1967</bibRefCitation>
) require further confirmation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>