New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest Author Brown, John W. Author Dyer, Lee A. Author Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago Author Salcido, Danielle text Insecta Mundi 2019 2019-07-26 720 720 1 12 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.3674915 afc2fa4d-f1c4-437f-a89d-eec74c244312 1942-1354 3674915 677567AB-85B6-4BAD-92FF-2336C714E4F9 Polyorthini Based on a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of Tortricidae, Regier et al. (2012) found Polyorthini to be the most basal lineage, sister-group to the remainder of the family. According to Horak (1998) , the tribe has two centers of distribution (the Neotropical and Oriental-Australian regions) that are linked by related genera in South America and Australia , but the tribe also includes two highly divergent genera restricted to the Palearctic. Horak (1998) reports that “Rearing records are scarce and feeding modes diverse, including leaf-rolling and boring.” There are several records of the polyorthine genus Lopharcha Diakonoff, 1941 feeding on Cinnamomum Schaeff. ( Meyrick 1918 ; Fletcher 1921 ; Diakonoff 1974 ; Liu and Kawabe 1993 ; Devasahayam and Abulla Koya 1993 ) and Litsea Lam. ( Dugdale 1966 ; Sam et al. 2017 ) (both Lauraceae ), and of the genus Polylopha Lower, 1901 on various Lauraceae and Annonaceae (e.g., Fletcher 1921 ; Diakonoff 1974 , 1982 ) from the Old World. For New World Polyorthini, Janzen and Hallwachs (2009) have reared numerous undetermined and/or undescribed species of Histura Razowski, 1981 and Ardeutica Meyrick, 1913 on Nectrandra and Ocotea (Lauraceae) . Whereas most of these records probably refer to external-feeding larvae, two seed-feeding Histura have been reported, one on Persea (Lauraceae) in Guatemala ( Brown and Hoddle 2010 ) and one on Beilschmiedia pendula (Lauraceae) in Panama ( Brown 2019a ). In contrast to these Lauraceae-feeding genera, Pseudatteria volcanica (Butler, 1872) , a brightly colored, diurnal moth, and Polythora viridescens (Meyrick, 1912) have been reared from at least three species of Mollinedia Ruiz & Pav. (Monimiaceae) in Costa Rica and Brazil ( Becker 1970 ; Janzen and Hallwachs 2009 ), and Biclonuncaria Razowski and Becker, 1993 has been reared from Fabaceae ( Razowski and Becker 1993 ; Janzen and Hallwachs 2009 ). In Europe, Olindia Guenée, 1845 has been reared from Ranunculaceae , Saxifragaceae , and Euphorbiaceae ( Disque 1908 ; Bradley et al. 1973 ), and Isotrias Meyrick, 1895 from Rosaceae ( Bradley et al. 1973 ) . During the Ecuador survey one species of Polyorthini was encountered.