A review of the spider genus Chthonopes (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae), with descriptions of two new species from China Author Yang, Weicheng School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China Author Yu, Hao School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China sacspider@126.com Author Lin, Yucheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-0633 Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China linyucheng@scu.edu.cn text ZooKeys 2022 2022-10-17 1124 147 160 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1124.89991 1313-2970-1124-147 F9A99E99C5EC4894BCF0C49F051819F3 EECD73B488D950A7B6D7969A1D3FB087 Chthonopes jaegeri Wunderlich, 2011 Figs 3 , 4 , 6 Chthonopes jaegeri Wunderlich, 2011: 435, fig. 18a-f (♂♀). Material examined. 2♀ , Laos : Khammouan Province : Thakek area , Ban Phoungam-Mai , 17.55°N , 104.81°E , elevation 495 m , 25.XI.2012 , S. Li leg ; 7♀ , Bolikhamxay Province : Khamkeut area , 18.22°N , 104.81°E , elevation 495 m , 27.XI.2012 , Z. Yao leg ; 1♂ 2♀ , Bolikhamxay Province : Lak Sao , 17.22°N , 104.81° E , elevation 501 m , 3.III.2010 , H. Steiner leg. Figure 3. Chthonopes jaegeri , male habitus ( A, B ), female habitus ( C, D ) and epigyne ( E-G ) A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view D ventral view E intact, ventral view F cleared, ventral view G cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Asp = accessory spermathecae; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilization duct; Sc = scape; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.5 mm ( A-D ); 0.2 mm ( E, F, G ). Diagnosis. The male of C. jaegeri resembles those of C. cavernicola (Wunderlich, 2011: 433, figs 8-18) in having a large and flat, laminar median apophysis which bears a tiny needle-shaped distal horn (Fig. 4A-C ) (vs. median apophysis relatively small, consisting of triangular base and biforked distal horn in C. bifidum sp. nov.; Fig. 2C ), but differs in the combination of genitalic and somatic characters: distal apophysis of the tegulum is erect, apex relatively sharp, pointing distally (Fig. 4C ; Wunderlich 2011 : 435, fig. 18b) (vs. curved, apex truncated, pointing proximally; Wunderlich 2011 : 433, fig. 17); cymbium apically-ventrally with a pair of long and bristle-shaped hairs on a hump (Fig. 4C ; Wunderlich 2011 : 435, fig. 18b) (vs. cymbium bearing apically four tiny hairs which are not situated on a hump; Wunderlich 2011 : 433, fig. 17); both anterior and posterior eye rows with 4 eyes (Fig. 3A ) (vs. anterior eye row with 6 eyes, posterior eye row with 2 eyes; Wunderlich 2011 : 433, figs 8-10). Females of C. jaegeri are similar to those of C. thakekensis ( Lin et al. 2014 : 98, figs 17A-E, 18A-C) by the epigynal plate with a long, rugose scape, and by the similar configurations of vulva, but they can be differentiated by the circular main spermathecae separated by about 1/3 of their diameter (Fig. 3G ) (vs. semi-circular main spermathecae separated by about 1.2 x their width; Lin et al. 2014 : 98, figs 17C, E, 18C), the accessory spermathecae consisting of a tubular stalk and globular head (vs. accessory spermathecae claviform, not subdivided; Lin et al. 2014 : 98, figs 17C, E, 18C), and by the strongly sclerotized fertilization ducts (Fig. 3G ) (vs. membranous FDs; Lin et al. 2014 : 98, figs 17C, E, 18C). Figure 4. Male palp of Chthonopes jaegeri A prolateral view B retrolateral view C ventral view D dorsal view. Abbreviations: Co = conductor; CL = cymbial lobe; DA = distal apophysis on tegulum; DH = distal horn on median apophysis; ED = embolic distal end; Em = embolus; MA = median apophysis; Pc = paracymbium; St = subtegulum; Te = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm ( A-D ). Description. See Wunderlich (2011) . Habitus as in Fig. 3A-D , male palp as in Fig. 4A-D , epigyne as in Fig. 3E-G . Distribution. Laos (Fig. 6 ).