Toward an atlas of Salish Sea biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada. Part I. Marine zoology
Author
Simon, Andrew D. F.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5358-8974
Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada
adfsimon@imerss.org
Author
Adamczyk, Emily M.
Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Author
Basman, Antranig
Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada
Author
Chu, Jackson W. F.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7776-9446
University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
Author
Gartner, Heidi N.
Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada
Author
Fletcher, Karin
Port Orchard 98366, Port Orchard, United States of America
Author
Gibbs, Charles J.
Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada
Author
Gibbs, Donna M.
Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada
Author
Gilmore, Scott R.
7494 Andrea Cres, Lantzville, Canada
Author
Harbo, Rick M.
Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada
Author
Harris, Leslie H.
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, United States of America
Author
Humphrey, Elaine
Institute for Multidisciplinary Ecological Research in the Salish Sea, Galiano Island, Canada & University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
Author
Lamb, Andy
Pacific Marine Life Surveys, Port Coquitlam, Canada
Author
Lambert, Philip
Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, Canada
Author
McDaniel, Neil
McDaniel Photography, Vancouver, Canada
Author
Scott, Jessica
Ocean Wise, Vancouver, Canada
Author
Starzomski, Brian M.
University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
text
Biodiversity Data Journal
2022
2022-03-10
10
76050
76050
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e76050
1314-2828-10-e76050
440282C625BD5D90A9623563DB6850F5
Ctenophora Eschscholtz, 1829
Notes
[
2 classes: 3 orders: 4 families: 4 genera: 4 species
]
'
Ctenophora
' means
"comb-bearing"
-deriving from the Greek
κτείς
(kteis), meaning "comb", and -φορος (-
foros
), a suffix meaning "carrying".
Ctenophora
(comb jellies) are a phylum of predatory marine invertebrates that are characterised by having eight rows of ciliated plates for locomotion. The phylum is divided into two classes containing 150-200 extant species worldwide (
Mills 2017
). Around 32 ctenophore species are known to the Pacific coast of North America (
Cairns et al. 2002
), 13 of which are known within the Salish Sea-though only five or six of these species are relatively common (Claudia Mills, pers. comm. 2021). Four species are reported for Galiano Island, the least common of which is
Euplokamis dunlapae
Mills, 1987 (Fig.
6
). This deep water species is abundant at 250 m depth, but only occasionally occurs above 100 m with mixing of the water column, especially during spring tides (
Mackie et al. 1992
).
Most ctenophores are pelagic species, with those most well known occurring near the ocean surface and those less understood found at greater depths. Ctenophores possess sticky cells called colloblasts to capture prey and are are highly diverse in morphology (e.g. egg-shaped cydippids, flat and generally combless platyctenids and large-mouthed beroids). The phylogenetic position of
Ctenophora
in relation to other phyla is still debated and their taxonomy is in dire need of revision (
Dunn et al. 2015
,
Mills 2017
). References for Northeast Pacific ctenophores include
Kozloff (1996)
,
Wrobel and Mills (2003)
,
Lamb and Hanby (2005)
,
Carlton (2007)
,
Baldwin (2009d)
,
Harbo (2011)
and
Jensen et al. (2018)
. For annotated records of ctenophores reported for Galiano Island, see supplementary materials (Suppl. material 4).