Taxonomy and distribution of Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma (Asteraceae) in Poland Author Wolanin, Mateusz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-5750 Institute of Biology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35 - 601, Rzeszow, Poland wolaninm@wp.pl Author Klichowska, Ewelina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9641-5750 Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30 - 387, Krakow, Poland Author Jedrzejczyk, Iwona https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2105-5310 Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85 - 796, Bydgoszcz, Poland Author Rewers, Monika https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4105-3654 Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cytometry, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85 - 796, Bydgoszcz, Poland Author Nobis, Marcin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1594-2418 Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30 - 387, Krakow, Poland text PhytoKeys 2023 2023-04-05 224 1 88 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.224.99463 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.224.99463 1314-2003-224-1 026C9306DB885DC4BE018A8ED6921203 6. Taraxacum dissimile Dahlst., Ark. Bot. 10(11): 8. 1911. Type . Sweden , Gothenburg archipelago, Branno , seashore, 19 May 1910 , Th. Lange ( lectotype in TURA [sheet No. I , middle specimen], designated by Lundevall and Ollgaard 1999 : 78; isolectotype in TURA [sheets No. 2 and 3]) . Description. Plants small to middle-sized, 5-12 cm tall. Leaves greyish-green, sparsely hairy on the upper side, approximately 5-10(-12) cm long and (1-)2.0-3.0(-4.0) cm wide, usually 4-5 times longer than wide, blades oblanceolate, usually broadest in upper 1/4, with 3-4 pairs of lateral lobes; lateral lobes opposite to remote; lateral lobes of the inner leaves triangular, straight or a little recurved, broad at the base, with an entire or slightly denticulate, straight or somewhat convex distal margin, proximal margin usually entire; lateral lobes of the outer leaves triangular, entire or somewhat denticulate at the distal margin; interlobes usually winged and flat, sometimes crisped, green or blackish coloured; terminal lobe distinct, triangular, often incised, entire or denticulate on the upper sides; petioles unwinged, purple. Scapes as long as or shorter than leaves, sparsely hairy below the capitulum. Capitulum convex, 3.0-3.5 cm in diameter, yellow, medium dense, outer strips greyish-red; inner bracts dark green, somewhat pruinose; outer bracts usually 12-16, lanceolate, usually 7-8 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm broad, grey-green suffused pruinose, with a distinct white hyaline margin (0.2-0.5 mm broad), recurved and corniculate; stigmas blackish, pollen absent or very poorly developed (up to a few grains on the stigma). Achenes yellowish-greyish-brown, 3.6-4.2 mm long (incl. the 0.9-1.2 mm long, cylindrical cone), rostrum 8-9 mm long, pappus white. Flowering period. (April) May. Habitat. Species observed in dry, sandy, semiruderal places such as pastures, lawns and forest road edges. On the coast of the Baltic Sea (between Krynica Morska and Piaski), we noted this species on the forest roadside together with Achillea millefolium , Arabidopsis thaliana , Carex ovalis , C. praecox , Cerastium holosteoides , C. semidecandrum , Equisetum arvense , Erophila verna , Festuca rubra , Luzula campestris , Plantago lanceolata , Poa pratensis , Potentilla argentea , Ranunculus bulbosus , Veronica arvensis , Vicia lathyroides . Somatic chromosome number. 24 ( Wolanin and Musial 2017 ). General distribution. Central, North and East Europe; species reported in Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Poland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Central and Northwest European Russia ( Van Soest 1967 ; Tutin et al. 1976 ; Fedorov 1989 ; Lundevall and Ollgaard 1999 ; Mosyakin and Fedoronchuk 1999 ; Ollgaard et al. 2000 ; Wendt and Ollgaard 2015 ). This species is probably not native to Belgium ( Lambinon et al. 2004 ; EURO+MED 2006 -onwards). Distribution in Poland. Scattered localities in north-eastern Poland, quite rare (Fig. 10F ). Specimens examined. CA43 - Leba , dry lawn, 54°46'05"N , 17°35'28"E , 3 May 2019 , M. Wolanin (003572 UR); Leba , dune, 54°46'05"N , 17°34'05"E , 1 May 2017 , M. Wolanin (003265, 003278 UR); DA51 - Hel, Lesna street, lawn, 54°36'05"N , 18°49'16"E , 9 May 2016 , M. Wolanin (003324 UR); DA76 - Piaski , sandy roadside, 54°25'12"N , 19°34'04"E , 10 May 2016 , M. Wolanin (003307 UR); DA86 - between Krynica Morska and Piaski , sandy roadside in forest, 54°24'21"N , 19°31'44"E , 10 May 2016 , M. Wolanin (003281 UR); DC32 - vicinity of the village Golub-Dobrzyn , roadside near Okonin lake , 53°04'27"N , 18°57'40"E , 29 April 2018 , M. Wolanin (003477 UR); DC52 - between Wakole and Dabrowka , roadside in pine forest, 52°51'40"N , 18°58'09"E , 29 April 2018 , M. Wolanin (003447 UR); FB77 - Osowiec, dry pasture close to fort, 53°29'25"N , 22°38'32"E , 24 April 2016 , M. Wolanin (003255, 003268 UR); FC13 - Stara Lomza , roadside, 17 May 1998 , Z. Glowacki (527696 KRAM); GD10 - Serpelice, lawn, 52°16'49"N , 23°03'01"E , 25 April 2016 , M. Wolanin (003294 UR) . Notes. This species belongs to the Dissimilia group due to its yellowish-greyish-brown achenes, sharply outlined, triangular-sagittate and incised terminal lobe. Outer phyllaries are large, grey-green, pruinose with a wide hyaline border. The plant is dark in colour with dark stigmas and quite bright outer phyllaries, which makes it conspicuous in the field. Pollen is not present (Figs 21 , 22 ). Figure 21. Variation in leaf shape in T. dissimile ; locality - between Krynica Morska and Piaski ( M. Wolanin 2016 UR). Scale bar: 5 cm. Figure 22. Taraxacum dissimile ; locality - Osowiec, 2016, photo by M. Wolanin.