A review of the South American genera of Cimbicidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) Author Vilhelmsen, Lars Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA. lbvilhelmsen@snm.ku.dk Author Smith, David R. B25C3A30-9EF6-4561-8DCE-C95869DFD7E8 sawfly2@aol.com Author Malagón-Aldana, Leonardo A. 4682DF93-FD43-4DDD-BC55-C323F1D2C738 Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, SCIENCE, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA. leonardomalagon@snm.ku.dk text European Journal of Taxonomy 2018 2018-12-06 482 1 36 journal article 22176 10.5852/ejt.2018.482 96b86947-027d-4d56-915f-cc0cec1822ca 3825574 6F3B12C7-2311-48EA-8727-5B90489E26E3 Pseudopachylosticta subflavata ( Kirby, 1882 ) Figs 14–15 Amasis subflavata Kirby, 1882: 17 , pl. I.9. Amasis brasiliensis Mocsáry, 1909: 2 . Amasis neotropica Mocsáry, 1909: 2 . Pseudopachylosticta brunnescens Mallach, 1929: 287 . Pseudopachylosticta leucogaster Mallach, 1929: 286 , figs 1,3. Material examined Holotype ARGENTINA : – Córdoba : Ƌ ( NHML ). Other material ARGENTINA : – Chaco / Santiago del Estero : 1 ♀ ( NHRS ). – Córdoba : 1 ♀ , W.M. Davis leg. ( NMNH ); 3 spec. , W.M. Davis leg. ( MCZ ). – Formosa : 1 ♀ , Riacho Pilaga, Ruta 11, 26 km NW of Formosa, 11 Aug. 1972 , Porter, Stange and Fidalgo leg. ( NMNH ); 1 spec. , same collecting data as preceding but no date ( IFML ). – Jujuy : 1 ♀ , Volcán, Feb. 1926 ( NHRS ). – Misiones : 1 ♀ , Dos de Mayo, Dec. 1973 , Fritz leg. ( IBGE ). – Salta : 1 ♀ , Steinbach leg. ( ZMHB ; holotype of Pseudopachylosticta brunnescens ); 1 spec. , Pena, Feb. 1983 , General Güemes leg. ( MAFC ); 1 ♀ , 2 ƋƋ, Sumalao, Jan. 1992 , M.A. Fritz leg. ( NMNH ); 1 ♀ , 2 ƋƋ, Dec. 1990 , M.A. Fritz leg. ( NMNH ); 1 Ƌ, Chicoana, Jan. 1991 , Fritz leg. ( NMNH ); 1 ♀ , 1 Ƌ, Rosario de Lerma, Jan. 1983 , M.A. Fritz leg. ( NMNH ); 3 ♀♀ , 2 ƋƋ, Rosario de Lerma, 21–23 Dec. 1983 , M. Wasbauer leg. ( CDFA ); 5 spec. , Rosario de Lerma, 1983, M.A. Fritz leg. ( MAFC ). – Santa Fe : 1 ♀ , Rosario, Granja(?), 4 Feb. 1919 , Jos. Hubrich leg. ( NHRS ); 1 Ƌ, Rosario, 1 Nov. 1912 , Jos. Hubrich leg. ( NSMT ); 1 Ƌ, Rosario, 10 Nov. 1912 , Jos. Hubrich leg. ( NSMT ); 1 ♀ , 1 Ƌ, Rosario, 7 Nov. 1921 ( NHRS ). – Tucumán : 2 spec. , Cadillal, Jan. 1922 ( IFML ); 1 Ƌ, Estacion Aráoz, 8 Jan. 1927 ( NHRS ); 1 spec. , Quebrada de Lules, 27 Nov. 1927 , L. Stange leg. ( IFML ); 1 ♀ , same collecting data as preceding but no date ( NMNH ); 1 ♀ , 11 Oct. 1898 , P. Giraud(?) leg. ( MNHN ); 1 ♀ , 30 Oct. 1898 , P. Giraud(?) leg. ( MNHN ); 1 spec. , 16 Nov. 1923 , Schreiter leg. ( IFML ); 1 Ƌ, 9 Nov. 1929 , H.A. Jaynes leg. ( NMNH ); 1 spec. , Feb. 1917 ( IFML ); 1 Ƌ, G.F. Moznette leg. ( NMNH ); 1 ♀ ( MNHN ). BOLIVIA : – Dep. Tarija : 1 ♀ , Bermejo, 24 Nov. 1948 ( NHRS ) [illegible]. BRAZIL : – Mato Grosso : 1 ♀ , Rohde leg. ( ZMHB ; syntype of Pseudopachylosticta leucogaster ). – Parana : 2 ♀♀ , 3 ƋƋ, Medianeira, 25°17'12" S , 54°07'39" W , 23 Mar. 2011 , reared from larvae collected on Talinum paniculatum , S. Neser leg. ( NMNH ). – Piauí : 1 Ƌ (?) ( HNHM ; holotype of Amasis brasilensis ). – Santa Catarina : 1 ♀ , Penha, 26°46’ S , 48°38’ W , 15 Oct. 2007 , Neser and Paterson leg. ( ZMHB ). – Province unknown : 2 ♀♀ ( ZMHB ). PARAGUAY : – Asunción : 1 ♀ , 18–19 Oct. 1904 , [A.] Vezényi leg. ( HMNH ; holotype of Amasis neotropica ). – Cordillera : 1 ♀ , Caacupé, 9 May 2001 , Y. Kimura leg. ( NSMT ); 1 ♀ , 1 Ƌ, San Bernardino, K. Fiebrig leg. ( ZMHB , syntypes of Pseudopachylosticta leucogaster ); 3 ♀♀ , 2 ƋƋ, San Bernardino, K. Fiebrig leg. ( ZMHB ); 1 ♀ , San Bernardino ( NHRS ) – Caaguazú : 1 spec. , Dec. 1977 , M.A. Fritz leg. ( MAFC ). – Concepción : 2 spec. , 6 Nov. 1932 , 2 Dec. 1933 , A. Schulze leg. ( MCZ ); – Paraguari : 1 ♀ , 26.2 km SE of Ybycuí, Parq. Nac. Ybycuí, 26°07' S , 56°47' W , 15–18 Mar. 1986 , M. Pogue and M. Solis leg. ( NMNH ). – Guairá : 1 Ƌ, Villarica, Sep. 1938 ( NHRS ); 1 ♀ , Villarica ( NHRS ). – Province unknown : 1 ♀ ( ZMHB ; holotype of Pseudopachylosticta leucogaster atroscutella Mallach ); 1 ♀ , 1883, P. Jorday leg. ( HMNH ); 5 ♀♀ , 1 Ƌ ( SDEI ). Redescription (female, male structures only mentioned when differing from females) MEASUREMENTS. Medium-sized sawflies, body length 9–11 mm . COLOR. Females ( Fig. 14 ) predominantly black to dark brown with slight metallic sheen, thorax dorsally reddish orange, extensive creamy-white patch ventrally on anterior part of abdomen; all legs dark brown to blue with metallic sheen. Males ( Fig. 15 ) predominantly black to dark metallic blue, except for small orange areas laterally on pronotum and at wing bases and creamy-white band laterally on abdomen. Wings in both sexes moderately infuscate. HEAD. Eyes slightly converging ventrally, inner margins slightly incurved. Posterior ocelli at level with dorsal margin of eyes ( Fig. 14C ). Toruli in middle of face, closer to median ocellus than to ventral margin of clypeus. Epistomal sulcus absent. Clypeus ventral margin evenly curved. Gena medially less wide than width of eye, wider dorsally than ventrally. Malar space very low. Occipital carina absent. Sclerotisation between occipital and oral foramina present.Antennae with five antennomeres ( Fig. 14C ); antennomere 1 approx. 2× as long as wide, antennomere 2 approx. as wide as long, antennomere 3 1.7× as long as antennomere 4, antennomere 5 distinctly expanded distally. Labrum broad, convex, hairy, raised in the middle, distal margin evenly curved. Mandibles less than ½ the height of head, with three teeth each, inner margin not serrated. Maxilla with stipes of approx. equal width throughout, palps with four palpomeres, shorter than labial palps. Labial palps with three palpomeres, palps inserting at level with maxillary palps. Postmentum narrow strip, approx. 8–9× as long as wide. THORAX. Pronotum comparatively high medially, with transverse groove extending from sublaterally on pronotum to posterodorsal corner; lateral groove continuous with transverse, extending ventrally on pronotum until ventral to anterior thoracic spiracle where it terminates; pronotum fused with mesopleuron ventrolaterally of spiracle from halfway between spiracle and ventrolateral corner of pronotum. Dorsal cervical sclerite present. Propectus without lateral projection, propleural sulcus present, medioventral margins of propectus widely separated, posteriorly extended into narrow points. Prosternum laterally extended, separate from katepisterna which do not extend to lateral coxal articulation point. Anterior fore tibial spur straight, simple, not much longer than posterior spur, spurs pointed and sclerotized apically. Mesonotum with distinct median sulcus and deep notauli ( Fig. 14B ), laterophragmal apodeme short, lobed, postscutellum absent. Small anterodorsal part of mesopleuron separated from rest by vertical groove ( Fig. 14A ), prepectus absent as separate sclerite. Horizontal carina absent laterally on mesopleuron. Posterior thoracic spiracle visible in lateral view, situated in incurvation in dorsal margin of mesopleuron. Median midcoxal articulations adjacent, only separated by small wedge of cuticle. Mesofurca with mesospina, anterior arms short, lateral arms elongate. Insertion of mesonoto-metanotal muscle on anterior margin of metanotum not on conspicuous structure; cenchri approx. 3× as broad as long. Anapleural cleft present, small. Metapleuron fused with abdominal tergum 1 along dorsal margin; posteroventral metapleural apodeme absent; paracoxal sulcus curving posteriorly, terminating in the middle of the metapleural sulcus; metacoxal foramina open dorsally, without metapleural inflection laterally. Metafurca with anterior arms inconspicuous, lateral arms elongate. Hind coxa less than twice as long as wide, median carina or spine absent. Hind femoral ventral spur absent. Hind tibial apical spurs shorter than apical width of tibia. Hind basitarsomere 0.8× tarsomeres 2–4 ( Fig. 14A ), tarsal claws bifid, teeth subequal in length. WINGS. Fore wing with vein M joining Sc+R close to Rs+M; vein 2r-m posteriorly inserts on cell 2M, close to anterior end of 2m-cu ( Fig. 14D ); vein 1m-cu oriented obliquely, inserting on Rs+M some distance from 2r-m (distance 1m-cu–2r-m at least ¼ distance M–1m-cu on Rs+M); posterior anal vein present proximally and distally but discontinuous in the middle. Hind wing cell R1 closed; vein M terminates proximally in vein Rs, cells Rs and M separated, cell Rs reduced in size and cell M extending to vein Rs proximally ( Figs 14D , 15 ); cross vein 2a absent. ABDOMEN. Tergum 1 not subdivided medially ( Fig. 14B ), median carina absent, lateral carina absent, posterior margin slightly curved; tergum 1 not brighter colored than other abdominal terga. Metaphragma continuous medially, of approx. equal height throughout, median foramen absent. Lateroterga around abdominal spiracles separated from median terga as demarcated by conspicuous fold. Cerci triangular, length approx. equals width at base. Ovipositor apparatus with 1 st valvula having longitudinal line, sawteeth strongly asymmetric, broadened in ventral view, slanted proximally, serrulae absent ( Smith 1988 : fig. 45); tip of 1 st and 2 nd valvulae not curving dorsally; ventral margin with tufts of setae along its length, tufts on small lobes. Comments Described by Kirby (1882) as Amasis subflavata from a single male from Cordova (= Córdoba ), Argentina . Mallach (1929) established the genus Pseudopachylosticta . Smith (1988) accepted only P. subflavata as valid, placing four additional described species in synonymy. Pseudopachylosticta subflavata resembles a smaller and less compact Pachylosticta spp. Both genera are predominantly colored blue-black metallic, and the females have extensively reddish-brown coloration on the thorax; furthermore, the labrum is raised in the middle, and the maxillary and labial palps are reduced, having four and three palpomeres, respectively. Apart from the size difference, Pachylosticta and Pseudopachylosticta mainly differ in wing characters. The pterostigma is not thickened and protruding in male Pseudopachylosticta , and the fore wing vein 1m-cu inserts on vein Rs+M more proximally, the distance between 2r-m and 1m-cu insertions on Rs+M being at least ¼ of the distance between M and 1m-cu insertions on Rs+M; in the hind wing, the cell Rs is much smaller than cell M, allowing cell M to extend to vein Rs proximally. Another difference is that the antennal club, i.e., the 5 th antennomere, is more swollen in P. subflavata . Finally, in Pseudopachylosticta the hind basitarsomere is shorter than tarsomeres 2–4 combined, whereas the opposite is the case for Pachylosticta spp.