Multiple origins of moss-inhabiting flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): molecular phylogeny, overview of genera and a new genus from Africa
Author
Damaška, Albert František
Author
Konstantinov, Alexander
Author
Fikáček, Martin
text
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2022
2022-02-07
196
647
676
journal article
10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab112
eb68c3ad-c51a-4828-8a1f-314ed0ba6454
0024-4082
7196247
1C9A93CC-F5BE-427B-95B4-B2B9A1F51B46
PHAELOTA
JACOBY, 1887
(
FIG. 4
)
Type
species:
Phaelota semifasciata
Jacoby, 1887
.
Synonymy:
This genus has no generic synonyms.
Phylogenetic position:
Unknown. A possible placement in the
Chabria
group has been discussed, but no molecular or morphological phylogenetic analysis has been published to justify this.
Diversity and distribution:
So far, 16 species of
Phaelota
are known (
Ruan
et al.
, 2017
). The genus is found mainly in
India
and
Sri Lanka
. One species was described from Borneo (
Konstantinov, 2008
).
Revisions:
The fauna of southern
India
and
Sri Lanka
was recently revised by
Prathapan & Viraktamath (2009)
.
Morphological characteristics:
Body large,
2.5 to 5.5 mm
long, oval to round in dorsal view, moderately convex in lateral view, colour variable. Head hypognathous, partially retracted into prothorax. Antennal calli well developed, triangular, separated from vertex and from each other by deep impressions. Frontal ridge wide and flat. Antennae with 11 antennomeres, not widened or forming any apical club. Pronotum wide, with a feebly developed a n t e b a s a l t r a n s v e r s e i m p r e s s i o n, s u r r o u n d e d by two short longitudinal impressions. Procoxal cavities closed posteriorly; in
Phaelota sindhoori
Prathapan & Viraktamath, 2004
, procoxal cavities narrowly open. The intercoxal proventral process wide. Elytra narrowing towards apex, with rows of slightly developed punctures. Legs long; all coxae with a triangular posterior denticle. Aedeagus simple, slightly curved in lateral view. Spermatheca simple, with a long pump and bulbous receptacle; spermathecal duct without coils. Vaginal palpi fused basally, and parallel.
Ecology:
The genus contains both moss-inhabiting and leaf-surface-living species (
Konstantinov
et al.
, 2013
;
Ruan
et al.
, 2017
).
Prathapan & Viraktamath (2009)
report that at least three leaf-surface-living Indian species feed on ferns. It is likely that various species from the genus feed on various food sources; however, the ecology of
Phaelota
needs more research to be resolved.
Remarks:
The genus is similar to
Chabria
and
Acrocrypta
Baly, 1862
. It can be separated from
Chabria
, by having closed procoxal cavities (procoxal cavities are open in
Chabria
). From
Acrocrypta
, the genus differs by having a wide intercoxal proventral process and elytral punctures in rows (in
Acrocrypta
, the intercoxal proventral process is narrow and elytra are confusedly punctured).