Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group Author Khalaim, Andrey I. 0000-0003-1802-2649 Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico. & Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia. akhalaim@gmail.com Author Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique 0000-0003-4305-6568 Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico. text Zootaxa 2022 2022-07-29 5169 3 201 251 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5169.3.1 2cbc0f84-2011-4e7c-868f-6c305d5f3308 1175-5326 6952172 BB6FBD07-6B8B-4615-BD66-C4AEB612145F 1. Ephialtes duplicauda Heinrich, 1949 Ephialtes duplicauda Heinrich 1949: 67 [ holotype ♀ ( AEIC ), Germany , “ Berchtesgaden Hachelgraben 1600 m , 18.6.47 ”]. Synonym: Pimpla spatulata Townes, 1960 ( Horstmann 2008: 153 ) . References. Townes & Townes 1960: 106 [ Pimpla spatulata (description); Canada , USA ; host]. Frankie & Koehler 1971: 957 [ Pimpla spatulata ; host; USA ( California )]. Carlson 1979: 326 [ Pimpla spatulata ; catalogue]. Ruíz-Cancino et al . 2002: 645 [ Ephialtes spatulatus ; Mexico ]. Material examined. MEXICO . Tamaulipas : 1 ♀ ( UAT ) 15 km SSW of Cd. Victoria , El Madroño , 23.iii.1985 , coll. J. Ruíz-Cancino . Durango : 1 ♀ ( AEIC ) 5 km W of El Salto , 8800 ft. (= 2680 m ), 12.vii.1972 , coll. B. & C. Dasch . 1 ♀ ( AEIC ) 14 mi W of Ojuelos de Jalisco , 2245 m , 7.vii.1972 , coll. B. & C. Dasch . Distribution. Holarctic species. Europe,? India , Canada , USA (west and northeast, south to California ), Mexico ( Tamaulipas , Durango ). Biology. In the Nearctic region, reared from Ptosima gibbicollis (Say) (Buprestidae) in Cersis canadensis L. ( Fabaceae ), from log of “ Picea canadensis ” infested with Tetropium cinnamopterum Kirby ( Coleoptera : Cerambycidae ), from prepupa of Rygchium sp. ( Hymenoptera : Vespidae ), and from unknown hosts in Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson and Pseudotsuga taxifolia Britton (Pinaceae) ( Townes & Townes 1960 ). Townes ( Townes & Townes 1960 ) assumed that listed above records from Coleoptera are probably incorrect because E. duplicauda and related species are known as parasitoids in the cells of bees and wasps nesting in wood, and therefore only parasitism in Rygchium sp. is undoubtful. Also reared from cones infested with Laspeyresia cupressana (Kearfott) ( Lepidoptera : Olethreutidae ) in California , USA ( Frankie & Koehler 1971 ).