Review of the species level taxonomy of the neotropical butterfly genus Oenomaus (Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini) Author Faynel, Christophe Author Busby, Robert C. Author Robbins, Robert K. text ZooKeys 2012 222 11 45 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.222.3375 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.222.3375 1313-2970-222-11 Oenomaus gaia Faynel Distribution, habitat, and remarks. This species occurs in wet and dry lowland forest. It has been recorded from Panama, French Guiana, Venezuela, eastern Ecuador, Peru (LO, SM, UC, MD) and Brazil (PA, AM, RO, MT, GO). This species, Oenomaus floreus , and maybe Oenomaus griseus occur in drier forest than other species with an "atena-like" ventral wing pattern. New material examined. Panama.- 1♂: Los Rios , C. Z., 15.XII.1964, S.S. Nicolay leg., Genitalia 1992: 73♂ R.K. Robbins (USNM ENT 00180046). 2♀: Los Rios , C. Z., 27.I.1965, S.S. Nicolay, gen. prep. CF n°430 (USNM) (Fig. 15); Los Rios , C. Z., 19.XII.1964, G.B. Small, gen. prep. CF n°431 (USNM). Ecuador.- 1♂: Morona-Santiago 15 km S Gualaquiza, 850 m, 3°27.6'S , 78°33.1'W , 27.IX.2000, Robert C. Busby leg. (RCB). Peru.- 1♂: MD, Parque Manu, Pakitza 340 m, 11°55'48"S , 71°15'18"W , 15.X.1991, Leg. M. Casagrande, Genitalia No. 1992: 38♂ R.K. Robbins (USNM). Brazil.- 2♂: PA, Obidos, IX.1930, Ex coll. Le Moult, Genitalia No. 1992: 75♂ R.K. Robbins; PA, Santo Antonio do Taua , Reserva Sonho Azul, 1°15'S , 48°03'W , 16.VII.2003,P. & J. Jauffret leg., CF-LYC-072 (CF); RO, 62 km SW Ariquemes, Linea 20, lot 21, 23, 25 (Fazenda Rancho Grande), 11.X.1993, AVZ Brower, gen. prep. CF n°411 (OSAC); GO, Pirenopolis , 820 m, 15°49'S , 48°59'W , E. Emery leg. (MC 255). Female. Four males in the USNM were collected on hills on Los Rios hill (approximately 9°00'32"N , 79°35'34"W ) and in Cocoli (approximately 8°58'46"N , 79°35'59"W ), Canal Area, Panama. These areas are drier (<2 m annual precipitation, Rand and Rand 1982 ) than the forest in which other Oenomaus with an "atena-like" wing pattern have been found in Panama. Four females from these two localities have the same ventral wing pattern as the males. Since no other males are known from these localities, we associate the sexes and illustrate the adult wing pattern and genitalia of one of these females (Figs 15, 34). We also associate a female from Brazil, Para (CF-LYC-072) with a male of Oenomaus gaia from French Guiana because they have the same ventral wing pattern and have similar barcode sequences (0.2%). COI DNA sequence. As noted previously, interspecific variation in the barcode sequences of Oenomaus ambiguus , Oenomaus cortica , Oenomaus gaia , Oenomaus morroensis is less than 2%, in contrast to interspecific divergences among other species in Oenomaus . For example males of Oenomaus gaia (CF-LYC-023) and Oenomaus cortica (CF-LYC-052) are 0.8% divergent. Another male of Oenomaus gaia (CF-LYC-024) and Oenomaus morroensis (CF-LYC-015) are 1.1% divergent.