Revision of Hindumanes Logunov, 2004 (Araneae: Salticidae: Lyssomaninae), with description of a new species from the Western Ghats of Kerala, India Author Sudhin, Puthoor Pattammal Author Nafin, Karunnappilli Shamsudheen Author Sudhikumar, Ambalaparambil Vasu text Zootaxa 2017 2017-11-17 4350 2 317 330 journal article 31411 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.2.7 eefa86d1-e8b0-40ca-8e9a-f1f39531632e 1175-5326 1053186 00DC83AE-1754-4065-8BDC-F49B01EA2DDD Hindumanes Logunov, 2004 Type species. Lyssomanes karnatakaensis Tikader & Biswas, 1978 . Subfamily placement. Subfamily Lyssomaninae currently comprises three genera, Lyssomanes , Chinoscopus and Sumakuru , supported by the presence of a membraneous conductor in the male palp ( Wanless 1980 : figs 2G, H; Maddison 2016 : figs 6, 7; Galvis 2017 : figs 7d–g). The presence of this structure ( Figs 5A–C, E ) and the general conformation of the palpal bulb strongly support its placement in the subfamily Lyssomaninae . Diagnosis. Hindumanes can be easily distinguished from most of the lyssomanine genera by the following characteristics: Carapace relatively high and oval (carapace low and virtually flat in Chinoscopus and elongate in Sumakuru ); the relative width of the eye field is small (it is much wider in the other genera, see Logunov 2004 ); AME directed anteriorly (in Sumakuru , they are tilted to the sides); ALE situated directly behind AME, almost on the optical axis of AME (ALE widely separated in Chinoscopus and most Lyssomanes ; in Sumakuru and some species of Lyssomanes , such as L. anchicaya Galiano, 1984 and L. elongates Galiano, 1980 , ALE are situated directly behind AME). Hindumanes is morphologically closer to Lyssomanes , by having similar body, presence of paired ventral spines on tibia and metatarsi of legs I & II, and similar palpal organization. It can be distinguished from Lyssomanes by the following combination of characters: ALE situated directly behind AME, almost in the optical axis of the AME (in most Lyssomanes , ALE widely separated behind AME) ( Figs 4A–B ; see also Tikader & Biswas 1978 : fig. 1; Logunov 2004 : fig. 3); relative width of the eye field is narrower: the ratio of “carapace width at PME/PME–PME distance” is around 3:1 (the relative width of the eye field is much wider, see Logunov 2004 ); patellae I & II with a dorsal macrosetae distally and a dorsal spine on the patellae III & IV ( Lyssomanes has both lateral and dorsal spines on all patellae). The female of Hindumanes can be easily recognized from Lyssomanes by the distinctive female copulatory organ: large spermathecae with no glandular ducts (in true Lyssomanes , spermathecae are smaller, with well-developed glandular ducts) ( Figs 7A–B ; see also Galiano 1980 ; Logunov & Marusik 2003 ; Logunov 2004 , 2014 ). The male palp of Hindumanes is characteristic of the Lyssomaninae and surprisingly similar to the palpal structure of most Lyssomanes . The structure of the palp can be characterized as follows: 1. Long palp with an elongated cymbium and well developed tutaculum ( Fig. 5C ), femur and patella devoid of any apophyses; 2. Tibia with a distal process and a long retrolateral outgrowth in the distal mid-section ( Figs 5A–D ). Different types of retrolateral tibial modifications have been found in some species of Lyssomanes , but most of them are brush-like formed by long and strong bristles ( Galiano 1980 : figs 63, 89, 147; Logunov 2014 : fig. 27); 3. Membraneous conductor is present ( Figs 5A–C, E ), which is considered as a synapomorphy in Lyssomanine ( Wanless 1980 ); 4. Spermophore configuration almost similar to that of Lyssomanes ( Galiano 1980 ; Logunov 2014 ; Maddison 2016 ). Description. Members of Hindumanes are green to yellowish-green, long-legged, medium-sized spiders (male = 5.57–6.13, female = 6.72–6.92). Sexes are alike in general body form, but dimorphism is evident in color markings. Females are uniformly green without distinct markings ( Figs 1C–D ); male carapace yellowish-orange with light reddish-brown lateral markings, abdomen dorsally with paired longitudinal stripes, similar stripes ventrolaterally ( Figs 1A–B , 2A, E ); Female legs light green, tibia I with apical retrolateral black mottling; male legs with black longitudinal lines on the femur I and black bands on all tibiae ( Figs 1A–B ). Carapace oval, covered with colorless setae, with well-defined longitudinal fovea ( Figs 1A , 2A, C , 3A , 4A–B , 6A ); cephalic region truncated anteriorly, moderately high, highest at PLE; thoracic region gently sloping backwards margin almost rounded with concave posterior margin ( Figs 2E , 3D , 6D ). Eye field slightly raised, narrow, covered with lustrous appressed scales ( Figs 1A–D , 2A, C, E , 3A , 4A–B , 6A ). Eyes in four rows, anterior row widest, ALE positioned directly behind the first row, at the optical axis of AME; PME very small, closer to and situated at the optical axis of ALE; PLE almost same size as ALE; MOQ longer than wide and wider in front. Clypeus rather low, vertical and hairless. Chelicerae short, sub-vertical and parallel in females ( Figs 1D , 3B–C , 4A , 6C ); moderately long and slightly diverging in males ( Figs 1B , 2A–D , 4B ); with two prolateral spines; promargin with three teeth, retromargin with five to six teeth ( Figs 4D–F ). Endites sub-parallel, rectangular, elongate, anteriorly rounded with inconspicuous scopulae ( Figs 2B , 3B ). Labium almost rectangular, about as long as wide, almost half the length of endites ( Figs 2B , 3B ). Sternum sub-pentagonal, posteriorly narrowing, with a triangular projection between coxae III & IV ( Figs 2B , 3B ). Pedicel short. Abdomen elongate, ovoid, narrowing posteriorly. Spinnerets sub-equal in length, posterior spinnerets robust than others. Legs long, slender; legs with spines on all articles, except tarsi of all legs, patella I, II and metatarsus IV; tibia I & II with 4 pairs of ventral spines, metatarsi I & II with 3 pairs of ventral spines, patella I & II distally with a dorsal macrosetae and patellae III & IV with a dorsal spine; leg formula 1243. Female palpal articles light green, all articles with spines. Male palp long, with spines on all articles, femur and patella without any apophysis; tibia with a distal tibial process and a long retrolateral tibial outgrowth joined to a stalk on the distal mid-section of tibia, slightly bent at the middle, the tip of which is flat and wide with uneven edges ( Figs 5A–D ). Cymbium highly elongated, covered with long and medium-sized setae, basally with a pair of elongated dorsal spines, distally with one prolateral and retrolateral spine ( Figs 5A, C ); tutaculum medium-sized, oval ( Fig. 5C ); bulb almost ovoid, occupying almost two fifths of cymbium; tegulum in the disto-retrolateral part of bulb; subtegulum occupies one third of the bulb; the retrolateral descending loop of sperm duct closely arranged ( Fig. 5E ); median apophysis long, wide, with an apical finger-like projection directed disto-prolaterally, with tip slightly bent downwards ( Fig. 5E ); conductor clamshaped ( Fig. 5A ); embolus base wide, the thin spermophore forming a twist in the embolus base before entering the embolus ( Fig. 5A ), embolus thin and elongated, initially oriented distally in an upward angle, then bending distoretrolaterally with the pointed tip slightly bent forward ( Fig. 5E ). Epigyne simple and transparent; spermathecae large, longer than wide, with no glandular ducts, touching each other in H. karnatakaensis (see Logunov 2004 : figs 1–2) or widely separated, as in H. wayanadensis sp. nov. ( Figs 7A–B ); posterior outgrowth overhanging the epigastric furrow only in H. karnatakaensis (see Logunov 2004 : figs 1–2); copulatory duct varies from moderately long to very short; fertilization duct small and acuminate, anterolaterally oriented, posterior to spermathecae ( Fig. 7A ; Logunov 2004 : fig. 2). Distribution. Known only from western India ( Fig. 9 ). Species included. Hindumanes karnatakaensis (type species) and H. wayanadensis sp. nov.