Paramphibambusa bambusicola gen. et. sp. nov., Arecophila xishuangbannaensis and A. zhaotongensis spp. nov. in Cainiaceae from Yunnan, China Author Han, Li-Su https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-9928 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China Author Wijayawardene, Nalin N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-5498 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China & Tropical Microbiology Research Foundation, 96 / N / 10, Meemanagoda Road, 10230 Pannipitiya, Sri Lanka Author Liu, Chao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6811-2218 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China liuchao_80@163.com Author Han, Li-Hong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6127-0915 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China Author Promputtha, Itthayakorn https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3376-4376 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand Author Li, Qiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9735-8214 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China Author Elgorban, Abdallah M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3664-7853 Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Author Al-Rejaie, Salim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-1087 Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Author Tanaka, Kazuaki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7037-0774 Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Author Dai, Dong-Qin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8935-8807 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China cicidaidongqin@gmail.com text MycoKeys 2024 2024-04-16 104 113 132 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.104.117872 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.104.117872 1314-4049-104-113 3AB20C39E83D509CB682F091529C37A3 Arecophila xishuangbannaensis L.S. Han & D.Q. Dai sp. nov. Fig. 3 Etymology. Named after the location "Xishuangbanna" where the new taxon was discovered. Holotype. GMB-W1283. Description. Saprobic on dead culms of bamboo. Sexual morph: Ascomata 540-700 x 320-450 µm (x- = 586 x 389 µm , n = 20), immersed beneath a black clypeus, forming white ring surrounding ostioles of ascomata, solitary or scattered, sometimes gregarious, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black. Ostioles papillate, central, black. Peridium 15-25 µm thick, comprised of several layers, thick-walled, dense, brown to hyaline, cells of textura angularis. Paraphyses 2.5-6 μm wide, hyaline, numerous, cylindrical, unbranched, septate. Asci 180-270 x 12-14 μm (x- = 213 x 12.8 μm , n = 20), 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate, straight or slightly curved, apically rounded, with a 3.7-4.7 μm wide, 2.5-3 μm high (x- = 4.3 x 2.7 μm , n = 20), wedge-shaped, J+, apical ring. Ascospores 23-27 x 8.5-9.5 μm (x- = 24.5 x 8.8 μm , n = 20), overlapping, uniseriate, initially hyaline, pale brown to dark brown when mature, ellipsoidal, medianly 1-septate, tapering towards both ends, slightly constricted at the septum, with longitudinal striation along entire length of the ascospore, surrounded by a 3.5-5 µm thick, distinct, globose to subglobose, mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph : Undetermined. Figure 3. Arecophila xishuangbannaensis (GMB-W1283, holotype) a bamboo specimen b, c appearance of ostioles on host surface d-f vertical sections of ascomata g peridium h paraphyses i-m asci n asci with J+, wedge-shaped rings (Stained in Melzer's reagent) o-t ascospores ( s showing ascospore with longitudinal striations t ascospore stained in Indian ink showing mucilaginous sheath). Scale bars: 300 μm ( d-f ); 20 μm ( g ); 30 μm ( h ); 50 μm ( i-m ); 15 μm ( n-t ). Materials examined. China , Yunnan Province , Xishuangbanna , Jinghong , Manzhang , Mengla , 21°91′97"N, 101°20′42"E , 617.14 m , on dead culms of bamboo, 16 August 2020 , Dong-Qin Dai, Li-Su Han, DDQ00993, (GMB-W 1283 holotype ), ibid . (ZHKU 23-0258, isotype ), ibid . DDQ00993-1 (ZHKU 23-0280) . Notes. In the phylogenetic tree, our new collections of Arecophila xishuangbannaensis (GMB-W1283, ZHKU 23-0280) formed a well-separated sister branch with A. bambusae (HKUCC 4794) and Arecophila sp. (HKUCC 6487) with 92% ML, 0.94 PP statistical supports (Fig. 1 ). Based on a nucleotide base pair comparison, A. xishuangbannaensis differs from A. bambusae (HKUCC 4794) in LSU gene (15/736 bp, 2%). Morphologically, A. xishuangbannaensis is similar to A. bambusae , in having cylindrical asci and ellispoidal ascospores. However, our new taxon differs A. bambusae by forming a white ring surrounding ostioles of ascomata and having larger asci (180-270 x 12-14 μm vs. 132.5-140 x 7.5-8 µm ) and larger ascospores (23-27 x 8.5-9.5 μm vs. 19-22.5 x 5.5-7 µm ) ( Umali et al. 1999 ; Li et al. 2022 ). Arecophila xishuangbannaensis also resembles A. notabilis K.D. Hyde, but it has larger ascomata (586 x 389 µm vs. 400 x 360 µm ) ( Hyde 1996 ). The spores of this species did not germinate on PDA or malt extract agar (MEA) media, thus no culture is available.