Addition of three new species of Xylariomycetidae fungi on bamboo from Southern China Author Zhou, Xin State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an, Guizhou, 561113, China Author Habib, Kamran 0000-0003-2572-0306 State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an, Guizhou, 561113, China & The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Centre of Guizhou Province (The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Gui’an, Guizhou, 561113, China Author Zeng, Wenyu State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an, Guizhou, 561113, China Author Ren, Yulin https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9063-425X Department of Botany, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, KP, 27200 Pakistan Author Shen, Xiangchun State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an, Guizhou, 561113, China Author Kang, Jichuan 0000-0002-6294-5793 Engineering and Research Centre for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical, Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China Author Li, Qirui 0000-0001-8735-2890 State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an, Guizhou, 561113, China text MycoKeys 2024 2024-10-02 109 109 129 journal article 10.3897/mycokeys.109.128020 Nigropunctata xiaohensis X. Zhou, K. Habib & Q. R. Li sp. nov. Fig. 5 Etymology. The specific epithet “ xiaohensis ” refers to the geographical location, Xiaohe Village, where the holotype specimen was collected. Type. China • Guizhou Province , Guiyang City , Huaxi District , Xiaohe Village , ( 25 ° 33 ' 10.46 " N , 105 ° 38 ' 22.57 " E ), altitude: 120 m , on bamboo , 1 June 2023 , Xin Zhou , Wenyu Zeng , 2023 XHC 1 ( GMB 4503 , holotype , no culture was obtained); ibid KUN-HKAS 134921 , isotype . Description. Saprobic on decaying bamboo culms. Sexual morph : Ascomata 320–380 × 340–400 μm (x ̄ = 352.7 × 360 μm, n = 10), immersed, solitary or scattered, appearing as small black dots, solitary, in cross-section globose to subglobose with a flattened base. Ostioles centrally, slightly, papillate, black, flush with the surface of the host. Peridium 15–25 µm thick, comprised of several layers, composed of thick-walled, dense, brown to hyaline, cells of textura angularis . Paraphyses 2.8–4.3 μm (x ̄ = 3.6 μm, n = 20) wide, longer than the asci, numerous, filamentous, curving, contain white intracellular material. Asci 85.5–140 × 11–18.5 μm (x ̄ = 120.2 × 15.5 μm, n = 20) 8 - spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, apically rounded, with a J +, discoid apical ring, measures 1.3–2.4 μm high, 3.5–5.0 μm wide (x ̄ = 1.8 × 4.4 μm, n = 10). Ascospores 11–21 × 6.5–10.5 μm (x ̄ = 17.8 × 8.1 μm, n = 30), L / W 2.2, uniseriate, unicellular, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, dark brown to black, with rounded ends, covered with a thick mucilaginous sheath measuring 5–8 µm (x ̄ = 6.2 µm, n = 10), with a germ slit extending across the entire spore. Asexual morph : Undetermined. Figure 5. Nigropunctata xiaohensis (GMB 4503, holotype) A material B ascoma on the surface of host C cross-section of ascoma D, E longitudinal sections of ascomata F peridium G paraphyses H – J asci K a wedge-shaped, J + apical ring bluing in Melzer’s reagent L, M ascospores N ascospores with germ slits. Scale bars: 0.5 mm ( C, D ); 100 μm ( E ); 10 μm ( F – N ). Paratype . China • Guizhou Province , Guiyang City Huaxi District , Xiaohe Village ( 25 ° 33 ' 20.34 " N , 105 ° 38 ' 32.23 " E ), altitude: 120 m , on bamboo, 4 June 2023 , Xin Zhou , Wenyu Zeng , 2023 XHC 340 ( GMB 4552 , paratype ) . Notes. In the phylogram (Fig. 2 ), Nigropunctata xiaohensis formed a separate clade in Nigropunctata s. str. Morphologically, N. xiaohensis resembles N. complanate R. Sugita & Kaz. Tanaka ( Sugita et al. 2024 ) as both share similar size ascospore. However, N. complanate is distinguished by thick clypeus (75–90 μm high, 270–410 μm diam.), larger asci (130–175 × 13–20 μm), and an inverted hat-shaped apical ring. The ITS sequences analysis of N. complanate and N. xiaohensis reveals a sequence length of 496 base pairs, with an 84.3 % identity, and 9.1 % gap presence. Nigropunctata nigrocircularis Samarak. & K. D. Hyde differs in having larger ascomata (450–535 × 455–560 μm), longer asci (125–170 μm) and smaller ascospore averaging 15.5 × 6.4 μm with a 3–4.5 μm mucilaginous sheath ( Samarakoon et al. 2022 ). The type species of the genus, N. bambusicola Samarak. & K. D. Hyde differs in having smaller ascomata measuring 285–315 × 260–340 μm, smaller discoid-inverted hat-shaped ascal apical rings (1.7–2 × 4–4.8 μm), and ascospores measuring 13.5–17 × 5.5–9.5 μm, with a 2–6 μm mucilaginous sheath ( Samarakoon et al. 2022 ). A recently reported new species from China , N. khalidii Y. P. Wu & Q. R. Li , differs by possessing larger ascomata (608–782 × 762–830 μm vs. 320–380 × 340–400 μm in N. xiaohensis ), larger asci (146–173 × 8.6–13.6 µm vs. 85.5–140 × 11–18.5 μm in N. xiaohensis ), and slightly smaller ascospores (14.8–18 × 6.3–9 µm) lacking a germ slit ( Li et al. 2024 ).