New insights into the taxonomy of the genus Cantharellus in China: epityfication of C. yunnanensis W. F. Chiu and the first record of C. cibarius Fr. Author Shao, Shi-Cheng Gardening and Horticulture Department, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303 (China) and Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201 (China) Author Liu, Pei-Gui Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201 (China) Author Wei, Tie-Zheng State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 (China) Author Herrera, Mariana Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwestern China, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201 (China) herrerac. mariana @ gmail. com (corresponding author) mariana@gmail.com text Cryptogamie, Mycologie 2021 2021-03-19 20 3 25 37 http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2021v42a3 journal article 246515 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2021v42a3 f2687592-6b4f-4712-ba18-3699a871c467 1776-100X 7815227 Cantharellus yunnanensis W.F. Chiu ( Figs 2-3 ) In Acta Microbiologica Sinica 13 (2): 129 (1973) . MYCOBANK. — 310378. HOLOTYPE . — (design. Chiu, 1973 ): Kunming , Yunnan , China . S . C . Shen (8090). TABLE 1. — Voucher table. List of species of the subgenus Cantharellus included in phylogenetic analyses indicating voucher specimen, location and GenBank accession numbers of tef-1α gene. The sequences generated in this study are in bold .

Taxon	Voucher Specimen	Location	Genbank
tef-1α
C.altipes Buyck & V. Hofstetter	BB O7.019	United States	GQ914939
C. altipes	BB O7.005	United States	GQ914938
C. amethysteus (Quél.) Quél.	BB 07.284	Slovakia	GQ914953
C. amethysteus	BB 07.309	Slovakia	GQ914954
C. anzutake W. Ogawa, N. Endo, M. Fukuda & A. Yamada	C-2	Japan	LC085470
C. anzutake	C-84	Japan	LC179800
C. camphoratus R.H. Petersen	12.09.06.av01	United States	KX592735
C. chicagoensis Leacock, J. Riddell, Rui Zhang & G.M. Muell.	1073/JJ MO-CANT-1	United States	KX857025
C. cibarius Fr. :Fr.	WXH 2296	Finland	KM893842
C. cibarius	BB 07.300	Slovakia	GQ914950
C. cibarius	GE 07. 025	France	GQ914949
C. cibarius	AFTOL-ID 607	DQ059050
C. cibarius	WXH 2580	NE China	KM893847
C. cibarius	MG75	SW China	KM893847
C. deceptivus Buyck, Justice & V. Hofst.	1079/JJ NC-CANT-5	United States	KX857030
C. flavolateritius Buyck & V. Hofst.	1078/JJ NC-CANT-4	United States	KX857029
C. flavolateritius	1076/JJ NC-CANT-2	United States	KX857027
C. hainanensis N.K. Zeng, Zhi Q. Liang & S. Jiang	N.K.Zeng2739	China	KY407537
C. hainanensis	N.K.Zeng2289	China	KY407536
C. iuventateviridis Buyck, Looney, Harsch & V. Hofst.	1542/SH13.7.2012	United States	KX857063
C. iuventateviridis	1543/SH14.7.2012	United States	KX857064
C. lateritius (Berk.) Singer	BB 07.025	United States	GQ914957
C. lateritius	BB 07.058	United States	GQ914959
C. lewisii Buyck & V. Hofstetter	BB 02.197	United States	GQ914961
C. lewisii	BB 07.003	United States	GQ914962
C. lilacinopruinatus Hermitte, Eyssart. & Poumarat	BB 07.221	Slovakia	GQ914951
C. pallens Pilát	BB 09.441	Italy	KX834411
C. pallens	BB 09.430	Italy	KX834410
C. phasmatis Foltz & T.J. Volk	CO57	United States	JX030417
C. phasmatis Foltz & T.J. Volk	CO74	United States	JX030418
C. quercophilus Buyck, Lewis, Eyssart. & V. Hofstetter	BB 07.097	United States	JX192981
C. roseocanus (Redhead, Norvell & Danell) Redhead, Norvell & Moncalvo	MO 245717	MF784581
C. spectaculus Foltz & T.J. Volk	C081	United States	JX030414
C. tenuithrix Buyck & V. Hofstetter	BB 14.099	United States	KX857054
C. velutinus Buyck & V. Hofst.	DM WV13.36	United States	KX857070
C. velutinus	WR WV07.074	United States	KX857068
C. versicolor S.C. Shao & P.G. Liu	Yu 24	China	KM893856
C. versicolor	Tian 160	China	KM893857
C. violaceovinosus M. Herrera, V.M. Bandala & L. Montoya	Bandala 4513	Mexico	MF616520
C. violaceovinosus	Corona 648	Mexico	MF616521
C. yunnanensis W.F. Chiu	SSC 1	SW China	KM893834
C. yunnanensis	XieXD174	SW China	KU720337
C. yunnanensis	Herrera 263C	SW China	MT252010
Cantharellus sp	C-106	Japan	LC085473
Craterellus tubaeformis (Fr.) Quél.	BB 07.293	Slovakia	GQ914989

ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION. — Pileus 1.5-2.5 cm , curved; shallowly depressed in the center; faint yellow (capucine buff), very fine pubescence on the pileus; waves on the margin, decurved. Hymenophore pale to pale salmon depending on age, ridge-like gill folds, distant, dichotomous branching. Stipe 0.5-1 × 3-5 cm , irregular dimples, and fibrous tints, slightly tapering toward the base, pale. Basidiospores ellipsoid, slight olive color, 2-2.5 × 0.5-0.8 µm. MYCOBANK. — 393369. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — China . Yunnan Prov. , Kunming, 11.VIII.1942 , S. C. Shen 8090 (HKAS[HMAS 4090], holo-); Yunnan Prov. , Kunming, China, 2100 m alt., 19.VIII.2007 , XieXD174 (HKAS[HKAS 55817]); Yunnan Prov. , Dali, 2550 m alt., 18.VIII.2007 , ShiXF 126 (HKAS[HKAS 55749]), ShiXF 134 (HKAS[HKAS 55750]), ShiXF 137 (HKAS[HKAS 55751]); Guizhou Prov. , Bijie, China, 2300 m alt., 12.VII.2008 , TianXF 298 (HKAS[HKAS 55771]); Guizhou Prov. , Bijie, China, 2300 m alt., 20.VIII.2008 , TianXF351 (HKAS[HKAS 55782]); Yunnan Prov. , Kunming, China, 2000 m alt., 29.VII.2008 , TianXF 12 (HKAS[HKAS 55804]), TianXF 13 (HKAS[HKAS 55805]), TianXF 5 (HKAS[HKAS 55810]); Guizhou Province , Bijie, China, 2300 m alt., 01.VII.2009 , ShaoSC 1 (HKAS[HKAS 58195]), ShaoSC 2 (HKAS[HKAS 58196]); Yunnan Prov. , Kunming, China, 2100 m alt., 30.VII.2009 , ShaoSC 6 (HKAS[HKAS 58200]), ShaoSC 7 (HKAS[HKAS 58201]); Yunnan Prov. , Xishuangbanna, China, 680 m alt., 29.VIII.2009 , ShaoSC 76 (HKAS[HKAS 58205]); Yunnan Prov. , Puer, 900 m alt., 26.VII.2009 , ShaoSC 100 (HKAS[HKAS 58210]); Yunnan Prov. , Kunming, China, 2050 m alt., 26.VIII.2009 , ZhangJP 17 (HKAS[HKAS 58215]); Yunnan Prov. , Chuxiong, China, 2200 m alt., 11.IX.2009 , ZhangJP 117 (HKAS[HKAS 58225]); Yunnan Prov, Kunming China, 2100 m alt., 03.IX.2019 , Herrera 263C (HKAS[HKAS 107313], epitypus hic designatus ), Herrera 264C (HKAS[HKAS 107314]), Herrera 265C (HKAS[HKAS 107315]), Herrera 266C (HKAS[HKAS 107316]). EPITYPE DESCRIPTION Basidiomata Obviously fleshy, medium-sized, 20-60 mm in height. FIG. 1. — Molecular phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood of a tef-1α sequence dataset of species of the subgenus Cantharellus Adans. ex Fr. Bootstrap values and posterior probabilities (BS/BPPs) are indicated on the tree branches. Craterellus tubaeformis (Fr.) Quél. was used as the outgroup. Double dots (••) are used to indicate that the sequence was formerly identified as C . cibarius Fr. by Li et al. 2018 . FIG. 2. — Cantharellus yunnanensis W.F. Chiu : A , basidiomes Herrera 263C (epitype); B , C , surface of the pileus; D , hymenophore; E , surface of the stipe. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B-E, 2 mm. FIG. 3. — Cantharellus yunnanensis Herrera 263C: A , spores; B , basidia; C , terminal hyphae of the pileipellis.Scale bars:A,25 μm;B-C,10 μm. Pileus 30-100 mm in diam., initially slightly convex to convexplanar, later becoming more or less planar with age; margin incurved or straight, regular or folded, smooth, thin; with surface smooth to minutely pubescent, yellow (4A2, 4A3, A4A, A45). Hymenophore With well-defined gill-like folds, up to 3 mm and 0.8-1.5 mm intervals decurrent, forking and anastomosing only near the cap margin, bright yellow (3A8, 4A5, 4A6, 4A7) at the insertion with the margin and pale yellow (4A2, 4A3) at the insertion with the stipe. Context Solid, fleshy, whitish (3A3), at mid-radius much thinner, 2-15 mm thick, unchanging. Stipe 20-60 × 5-15 mm solid, subcylindrical tapering downwards, concolorous with the hymenophore (4A2, 4A3), surface glabrous to pubescent mainly in the insertion with the hymenophore. Odor Mild, agreeable, fruity. Taste Mild, agreeable. Spore print No color. Basidiospores Broadly ellipsoid or ellipsoid, smooth, colorless, and hyaline, thin-walled, (6.5-) 7-8 (-8.5) × 5-6 (-6.5) µm. Xm= 7.85- 8.17 × 5.88 µm, Q = 1.30-1.55. Basidia 60-95 × 7-12 µm long and slender, narrowly clavate to subcylindrical, with 2-6 sterigmata, most commonly 4 sterigmata. Cystidia Absent. Hymenophoral trama Composed of filamentous hyphae (2.5-) 3-5 (-6.0) µm diam., colorless, thin-walled in an irregular arrangement. Pileipellis Mainly of the cutis type , in some areas of the surface, the terminal hyphae can be erected, forming an intricate trichoderm and cluster of hyphae. The hyphae of the pileipellis are 3-9 µm diam., intermingled in a compact (cutis) or slightly loose (trichoderm) arrangement, cylindrical, hyaline to yellowish, often with light yellow contents in some, light yellow-colored in groups, slightly thick-walled (<1 µm thick); distinctive terminal elements 25-77 × 5-10 µm broad, slightly thick-walled (<1 µm thick). Pileus trama Composed of cylindrical to inflated hyphae, 3-6 µm diam., slightly thick-walled (<1 µm thick), hyaline, yellowish in mass, some of the hyphal segments filled with yellow contents. Clamp connections Present in all tissues examined. HABIT, HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — Single to caespitose, forming ectomycorrhizae with Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis , P. armandii and Fagacea spp. Widely distributed in Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces, Southwestern China . NOTES Cantharellus yunnanensis was described as showing pale to pale salmon coloration with ridge-like gill folds, while our samples displayed a bright yellow, well-defined gilllike folds of up to 3 mm high and 0.8-1.5 mm wide. However, it is possible that the original description was based on dried material ( Fig. 4 ). Additionally, the original description lacks some morphological information that is of taxonomic significance for the subgenus Cantharellus , e.g., the presence of clamp connections and thick-walled hyphal extremities in the pileipellis ( Buyck et al. 2014 ). A cautious check of the holotype revealed important differences in the shape (ovoid, smooth, and pale olive) and size (7.5-8.0 × 6.5-7.0 µm) of the spores, compared to the original description ( Chiu 1973 ). Additionally, we found smaller basidiospores that we interpreted as immature spores from young fruit bodies. Unfortunately, we could not obtain a sequence from the holotype due to the long period of preservation in the herbarium. Cantharellus yunnanensis is one of the most popular chanterelles in the edible mushroom markets of Yunnan Province . The lack of an accurate description or sequence allowed us to select a suitable collection as the epitype.