Diamonds in the rough: Ibotyporanga (Araneae, Pholcidae) spiders in semi-arid Neotropical environments Author Huber, Bernhard A. 33607F65-19BF-4DC9-94FD-4BB88CED455F Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, LIB, Bonn, Germany. b.huber@leibniz-lib.de Author Meng, Guanliang 7E8C41F8-77BB-468F-BE9A-D3F1DFCA1E4E Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, LIB, Bonn, Germany. G.Meng@leibniz-lib.de Author Král, Jiří E836F3B5-D704-4EEC-966A-0C4F1FAD324B Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. spider@natur.cuni.cz Author Ávila Herrera, Ivalú M. E3687584-7F64-450D-9492-BE0DD4864AD6 Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. avilai@natur.cuni.cz Author Carvalho, Leonardo S. 28AA7D67-3C9D-495E-8C17-33D35F1A0FAC Campus Amílcar Ferreira Sobral, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Floriano, Piauí, Brazil. carvalho@ufpi.edu.br text European Journal of Taxonomy 2024 2024-10-18 963 1 169 https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2687/12427 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2024.963.2687 2118-9773 13963130 BA331360-A678-4233-A7CC-7308EF8B6D7E Ibotyporanga atikum Huber sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B16F11B4-492F-4487-A28D-20E8AF0A8BAA Figs 23C , 96 , 109–112 Diagnosis Distinguished from similar congeners (with split procursus with long dorsal branch; long male palpal patella, i.e., dorsally>1.8× as long as medially wide; and sclerite in female internal genitalia) by combination of: procursus main branch and dorsal branch proximally overlapping, i.e., without space between them in lateral view ( Fig. 110C ); male palpal tarsus with very low dorsal hump (arrow in Fig. 110C ); embolus with distinctive dorsal apophysis (arrow in Fig. 110E ); and median sclerite in female internal genitalia very simple, almost rectangular ( Fig. 112C–D ). Distinguished from the very similar I. payaya sp. nov. also by main procursus branch in dorsal view narrower (compare Figs 102B and 110B ), shorter cheliceral apophysis (compare Figs 103B and 111B ), and epigynal pocket more curved and distinct (compare Figs 103C and 111C ). Etymology The species name honors the Atikum, an indigenous people of Brazil that lives in Bahia and Pernambuco ; noun in apposition. Type material Holotype BRAZIL – Bahia • ♂ ; SE of Bom Jesus da Lapa , ‘site 2’; 13.4383° S , 43.1645° W ; 480 m a.s.l. ; 18 Nov. 2022 ; B.A. Huber and L.S. Carvalho leg.; CHNUFPI 5960 . Paratypes BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5961 • 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 9048 [deposited in ZFMK Ar 24379] • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; CHNUFPI 5962 . Description Male ( holotype ) MEASUREMENTS . Total body length 1.7, carapace width 0.73. Distance PME–PME 45 µm; diameter PME 70 µm; distance PME–ALE 25 µm; distance AME–AME 20 µm; diameter AME 35 µm. Leg 1: 4.03 (1.07+0.27 +1.03 +1.23 + 0.43), tibia 2: 0.83, tibia 3: 0.77, tibia 4: 1.20; tibia 1 L/d: 11; diameters of leg femora 0.17; of leg tibiae 0.09–0.10. COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs ochre-yellow, carapace medially with darker Y-mark and posterior narrow band, leg femora and tibiae subdistally slightly darkened; abdomen gray with many darker internal marks; ventrally with light ochre plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets. BODY . Habitus as in I. ouro sp. nov. (cf. Fig. 73G ). Ocular area slightly raised. Carapace with distinct but shallow thoracic groove. Clypeus with sclerotized rim with median notch. Sternum wider than long (0.52/0.42), with very low and indistinct anterior processes near coxae 1 not different from those in female. Abdomen globular. CHELICERAE . As in Fig. 111A–B ; width 0.29; with relatively short median frontal apophysis; stridulatory files very fine and poorly visible in dissecting microscope. PALPS . As in Fig. 109 ; coxa unmodified; trochanter with short ventral process; femur proximally with distinct retrolateral process directed toward distal, with prolateral stridulatory pick, distally widened but unmodified; femur-patella joints not shifted toward one side; patella dorsally ~2.0 × as long as medially wide; tibia with two trichobothria in relatively proximal position; tibia-tarsus joints barely shifted toward retrolateral side; tarsus with very low dorsal hump (arrow in Fig. 110C ); procursus ( Fig. 110A–C ) with long dorsal branch distally curved towards prolateral, main branch with light prolateral band, subdistal short side-branch, distally slender and transparent; genital bulb ( Fig. 110D–F ) with narrow prolateral sclerite on bulbous part, embolus with distinctive dorsal sclerite. Fig. 109. Ibotyporanga atikum Huber sp. nov. , male from Brazil, Bahia, SE of Bom Jesus da Lapa, ‘site 2’, ZFMK Ar 24379. Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale line: 0.3 mm. Fig. 110. Ibotyporanga atikum Huber sp. nov. , male from Brazil, Bahia, SE of Bom Jesus da Lapa, ‘site 2’, ZFMK Ar 24379. A–C . Left tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (arrow: indistinct dorsal hump on tarsus). D–F . Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views (arrow: distinctive apophysis on embolus). Scale lines: 0.3 mm. LEGS . Without spines but with longer hairs ventrally on femora; without curved hairs; with short vertical hairs on tibia 1; retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 60%; prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~3–4 pseudosegments, only distally distinct. Variation (male) Tibia 1 in second male: 1.18; dark rings on legs slightly more distinct in second male. Female In general, similar to male but clypeus unmodified, tibia 1 with few vertical hairs. Tibia 1 in three females : 1.07, 1.17, 1.23. Epigynum ( Fig. 112A ) anterior plate roughly semi-circular, posterior margin weakly indented, with distinct and strongly curved anterior pocket; posterior plate large but simple. Internal genitalia ( Figs 111C , 112B–D ) with pair of oval pore plates posteriorly, strongly sclerotized median structure, and very thin-walled large anterior expandable membranous sac. Distribution Known from type locality only, in Brazil , Bahia ( Fig. 96A ). Natural history The spiders were collected in the leaf litter of degraded roadside vegetation, among low shrubs and grasses. On the neighboring granite outcrop, we found a different species of Ibotyporanga , I. payaya sp. nov.