New Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from NE Atlantic seamounts, islands, and the continental slope: evidence for deep-sea endemism
Author
Berning, Björn
30D7D0DB-F379-4006-B727-E75A0720BD93
Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum, Geowissenschaftliche Sammlungen, 4060 Leonding, Austria. & CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, 9501 - 801 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 30 D 7 D 0 DB-F 379 - 4006 - B 727 - E 75 A 0720 BD 93 & Corresponding author: b. berning @ landesmuseum. at
b.berning@landesmuseum.at
Author
Harmelin, Jean-Georges
D11AE07A-CFD9-41EE-B3F9-6E0472150300
Aix-Marseille University, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, OSU Pytheas, Station Marine d’Endoume, 13007 Marseille, France. & Email: jean-georges. harmelin @ univ-amu. fr & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: D 11 AE 07 A-CFD 9 - 41 EE-B 3 F 9 - 6 E 0472150300
Author
Bader, Beate
AA3BCFDC-524D-4648-9268-F0F1C94B9A68
Institut für Geowissenschaften, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, 24118 Kiel, Germany. & Email: bbader @ online. no & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: AA 3 BCFDC- 524 D- 4648 - 9268 - F 0 F 1 C 94 B 9 A 68
bbader@online.no
text
European Journal of Taxonomy
2017
2017-08-31
347
1
51
journal article
22061
10.5852/ejt.2017.347
6f1a06d8-dbae-462e-8415-0cb51016c64a
2118-9773
3832630
41385EAB-F391-468D-89CA-F7A574F820AB
Genus
Bathycyclopora
gen. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
E45D211D-BAC1-41CD-8AC5-458335BE6A69
Type
species
Phylactella vibraculata
Calvet, 1931
.
Diagnosis
Colony encrusting, unilaminar, multiserial, budding intrazooidal. Zooidal frontal shield umbonuloid, imperforate except for a row of marginal pores; entire zooidal surface of interior calcification except for the proximal and distolateral gymnocystal orifice margins; lateral walls generally extensive, with a single large pore chamber per neighbouring zooid, septular pore round, encompassed by a large cryptocystal area, a fine band of gymnocystal calcification delimiting each pore chamber from the neighbouring one. Orifice D-shaped or rather square, with condyles, an immersed distal shelf may be present; oral spines present. Potentially maternal zooids slightly dimorphic, with a distal gap between spines, ooecium produced by the zooid distal to the maternal one, hyperstomial, recumbent on the distal zooid’s frontal shield; ectooecium reduced to a thin frame surrounding the entire ooecial base; endooecium entirely calcified, imperforate; not closed by operculum (acleithral). Adventitious and interzooidal avicularia present. Ancestrula tatiform, opesia extensive, with a slight distal constriction; gymnocyst relatively narrow all around, cryptocyst absent.
Etymology
The name alludes to its bathyal habitat, and is combined with the latter part of the name of the genus
Hemicyclopora
, which it superficially resembles. Gender feminine.
Remarks
Bathycyclopora
gen. nov.
superficially resembles the romancheinid genera
Hemicyclopora
and
Escharella
, but differs from both in having (i) well-developed lateral walls with just one communication pore per neighbouring zooid; (ii) adventitious and interzooidal avicularia; (iii) a partially calcified ectooecium; and (iv) a simple tatiform ancestrula in which a cryptocyst is absent. The new genus differs from
Atlantisina
gen. nov.
in the presence of avicularia, in the distinctly less developed ectooecium, and lateral walls that are predominantly composed of cryptocyst and which contain distinctly smaller communication pores. Moreover, whereas non-reproducing zooids and maternal zooids are monomorphic in
Atlantisina
gen. nov.
(all zooids have the potential to eventually produce ovicells and have a distal gap between the oral spines to accommodate the ooecial aperture), the oral spines in
Bathycyclopora
gen. nov.
are evenly distributed around the orifice in non-reproducing zooids, whereas a central gap exists only in potentially maternal zooids (not all of these zooids necessarily produce an ovicell). Moreover, the ooecium in
Bathycyclopora
gen. nov.
is not a kenozooid produced by the maternal zooid as in
Atlantisina
gen. nov.
but is formed by the zooid distal to the maternal one. The distal septular pore in
Bathycyclopora
gen. nov.
is not as raised as in
Atlantisina
gen. nov.
and is involved in budding a distal zooid or interzooidal avicularium, whereas in
Atlantisina
gen. nov.
only an ooecium may be produced from this pore and it remains visible above the level of the frontal shield of the distal zooid throughout ontogeny in case no ovicell is formed. The structure of the ooecium is, however, very similar in both genera, although the ectooecium is less well developed in
Bathycyclopora
gen. nov.
The only two species in the genus are geographically restricted to central Atlantic islands (
Azores
) and seamounts (Atlantis). They have been recorded from the upper bathyal slope (
400–600 m
).