Two new species and a new record of polydesmoid millipedes from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, eastern China (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) Author Liu, Weixin Author Huo, Qingbo text Zootaxa 2020 2020-01-10 4722 1 41 49 journal article 24395 10.11646/zootaxa.4722.1.3 c7d7ba85-5c89-4c67-958d-877b72cca225 1175-5326 3603656 206172F4-B350-4AE0-940E-B21CE2D7AD1C Epanerchodus bishou , new species Figs 7–8 Type material : Holotype male ( SCAU ), China , Zhejiang Province , Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve , 30°19.931’N , 119°26.27’E , 502 m a.s.l. , 2018-X-12 , Qing-Bo Huo leg. Paratypes : 1 male ( SCAU ), same locality and data as holotype . 1 male , 1 female ( SCAU ), same province, Kaihua County , Gutian , 29°14.787′N , 118°7.496′E , 435 m a.s.l. , 2018-X-9 , Qing-Bo Huo , Peng Gao leg. Etymology : This species epithet, bishou in Chinese meaning “dagger”, is used as a noun in apposition and emphasizes the gonopodal femorite with a prominent, long, dagger-shaped process. Diagnosis : Adult males of E. bishou n. sp. are distinct from other Epanerchodus species by the following combination of characters: (1) broad paraterga (widths of pro- and metazonae 1.6–1.8 and 3.5–3.8 mm , respectively) ( Figs 7B, E, H ); (2) male tibiae and tarsi with sphaerotrichomes ( Fig. 8A ); (3) gonopodal femorite with a prominent, long, dagger-shaped process distally and a curved finger-shaped process medially; (4) endomere tip unequally bifid ( Fig. 8 ). The new species seems to be particularly similar to E. sphaerisetosus (from Jinhua in Zhejiang , China ), but is distinguished by (1) caudolateral corners of paraterga being square ( Fig. 6E ) vs. acute-angled in E. sphaerisetosus ; (2) exomere absent ( Fig. 8 ) vs. exomere present in E. sphaerisetosus . Description : Based on type specimens. Lengths of both sexes ca. 16–19 mm , widths of pro- and metazonae 1.6–1.8 and 3.5–3.8 mm , respectively. Coloration : generally yellow brownish to dark brownish ( Fig. 7 ). FIGURE 7. Epanerchodus bishou n. sp. , male paratype from Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve, Zhejiang. A–C : anterior part of body, lateral, dorsal and ventral views, respectively D, E : midbody segments, lateral and dorsal, respectively F–G : posterior part of body, ventral, lateral and dorsal views, respectively I : right gonopod, mesal view. Body : Adults with 20 rings. Width: head <collum <ring 2 <3 <4 <5–15, thereafter (rings 16–19) body gradually tapering towards telson. Head : densely setose, epicranial suture conspicuous ( Fig. 7A ). Antennae long, reaching past middle of ring 3 when extended posteriorly, slightly clavate ( Figs 7 A–C). Exoskeleton : Collum transversely semi-lunar, with three transverse rows of 4+4 setae and a faint lateral incision/denticle on each side. Paraterga broad ( Figs 7 A–H), midbody paraterga ca. 2.0–2.2x prozonite width. Paraterga 2–3 slightly upturned dorsally above a faintly convex dorsum, following paraterga flat and subhorizontal ( Figs. 7A, D, G ). Caudolateral corners of paraterga nearly square, slightly projecting posteriorly past tergal margin, clearly acute only on rings 17–19 ( Figs 7 G–H). Integument shining ( Fig. 7 ), prozonae delicately alveolate. Limbus regularly denticulate ( Figs 7A, D ). Constriction between pro- and metazonae narrow, shallow and smooth ( Figs 7B, E, H ). Metatergal sculpture faint, with three irregular transverse rows of 3+3 setigerous polygonal bosses. Sulcus between front and middle rows of setae a little deeper than that between middle and caudal rows ( Figs 7B, E, H ). Tergal setae very short, present on rings 18–19. Three or four faint setigerous incisions at lateral margins of poreless and porebearing rings, respectively. Pore formula normal: 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15–19, ozopores evident, dorsal, clearly set off from lateral margin and located between last and penultimate marginal incisions ( Figs 7B, E, H ). Epiproct short, conical, pre-apical lateral papillae evident. Hypoproct subtrapeziform, with two setigerous papillae ( Figs 7 F–H). Pleurosternal carinae present only on ring 2 in both sexes. Sterna sparsely setose, cross-shaped impressions (both axial and transverse) shallow, clearly broadened between male coxae 7 and 9 ( Fig. 7C ). Legs : long, but stout, about 1.5 (male) or 1.2 (female) times as long as body height, prefemora not bulging laterally; sphaerotrichomes easily visible ventrally on tibiae and tarsi ( Fig. 7A ). Gonopods : ( Figs 7C, I , 8 A–B) Coxa large and squarish, densely setose laterally and with a long seta mesally. Prefemur densely setose and nearly half the length of telopodite. Clivus, or distolateral ridge on femorite, short; femorite with a prominent, long, dagger-shaped process ( p1 ) distally and a curved finger-shaped process ( p2 ) medially, the latter carrying a very small tooth ( t ) at midway. Endomere ( en ) curved, unequally bifid, tip of longer branch slightly folded. Seminal groove ( sg ) starting mesally, distally recurved laterad near base of p2 , then turning laterobasad to run into an accessory seminal chamber, the latter opening on a hairy pulvillus. An exomere absent. Remark: Tianmu Mountains is known to be the type locality of four other Diplopoda (Golovatch and Liu, unpublished data).