Order Artiodactyla Author Wilson, Don E. Author Reeder, DeeAnn text 2005 The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1 637 722 book chapter 0-8018-8221-4 10.5281/zenodo.7316519 Alces alces (Linnaeus 1758) [Cervus] alces Linnaeus 1758 , Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 66 . Type Locality: "Habitat in boroealibus Europae, Asiaeque Populetis"; identified as Sweden by Thomas (1911 a :151) . Vernacular Names: Eurasian Elk . Subspecies: : Subspecies Alces alces subsp. alces Linnaeus 1758 Subspecies Alces alces subsp. caucasicus Vereshchagin 1955 Distribution: N Eurasia from Scandinavia, Poland , N Austria , and S Czech Republic (vagrant in Croatia , Hungary , and Romania ), east to the Yenisei River (Siberia) and south to Ukraine , N Kazakhstan , N China (N Sinkiang ), and possibly adjacent parts of Mongolia ; extinct in Caucasus region since 19 ^th century. Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc). Discussion: Differs from A. americanus in karyotype, body dimensions and proportions, form of premaxilla, colouration, and structure and dimensions of antlers (Boyeskorov, 1999; Geist, 1998 ).