Recent surveys of bats from the Andaman Islands, India: diversity, distribution, and echolocation characteristics Author Srinivasulu, Chelmala Wildlife Biology and Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007, India & Systematics, Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Zoo Outreach Organization, 96, Kumudham Nagar, Vilankurichi Road, Coimbatore 641035, India & Corresponding author: E-mail: chelmalasrinivasulu @ gmail. com chelmalasrinivasulu@gmail.com Author Srinivasulu, Aditya Biodiversity Research and Conservation Society, 303 Nestcon Orchid, Kanajiguda, Tirumalgiri, Secunderabad, Telangana State 500015, India Author Srinivasulu, Bhargavi Wildlife Biology and Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007, India & Systematics, Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Zoo Outreach Organization, 96, Kumudham Nagar, Vilankurichi Road, Coimbatore 641035, India Author Gopi, Asad Wildlife Biology and Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007, India Author Dar, Tauseef Hamid Wildlife Biology and Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500007, India Author Bates, Paul J. J. Harrison Institute, Bowerwood House, 15 St Botolph’s Road, Sevenoaks, Kent, TN 13 3 AQ, United Kingdom Author Rossiter, Stephen J. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E 1 4 NS, United Kingdom Author Jones, Gareth School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, Bristol BS 8 1 TQ, United Kingdom text Acta Chiropterologica 2017 2017-12-01 19 2 419 437 journal article 21510 10.3161/15081109ACC2017.19.2.018 3dd13da9-cccb-45a4-862c-d0ffcf9c21a9 1733-5329 3942489 1. Cynopterus sphinx (Vahl, 1797)

Species n FA HB TL E HF 3 mt 4 mt 5 mt 1 ph 3 mt 2 ph3 mt 1 ph 4 mt 2 ph 4 mt Cynopterus sphinx 12 66.62 ± 7.32 80.64 ± 7.48 10.10 ± 4.58 17.18 ± 1.78 14.18 ± 1.83 46.01 ± 4.11 43.39 ± 4.09 45.30 ± 4.26 30.01 ± 2.79 39.36 ± 3.46 23.00 ± 1.86 24.45 ± 2.59 C . brachyotis 5 64.39 ± 4.04 77.76 ± 1.51 8.89 ± 0.92 15.55 ± 2.05 12.19 ± 1.95 43.36 ± 1.79 40.16 ± 3.00 42.07 ± 2.16 27.20 ± 2.20 37.17 ± 1.14 20.90 ± 2.35 23.04 ± 1.11 Eonycteris spelaea 7 66.90 ± 6.11 81.72 ± 13.45 13.58 ± 1.45 15.62 ± 1.42 16.44 ± 1.81 46.16 ± 4.69 45.10 ± 5.14 43.32 ± 3.90 30.22 ± 3.41 37.47 ± 4.56 25.16 ± 2.54 21.38 ± 3.35 Pteropus hypomelanus 3 141.12 ± 4.12 137.93 ± 9.73 absent 27.12 ± 0.59 49.39 ± 8.14 98.87 ± 4.47 97.94 ± 7.56 104.87 ± 8.67 71.82 ± 3.87 98.79 ± 11.25 58.77 ± 4.83 59.37 ± 5.98 P . melanotus 4 161.85 ± 4.80 237.61 ± 14.77 absent 29.86 ± 0.55 46.75 ± 1.26 113.81 ± 1.75 111.79 ± 1.51 116.52 ± 2.73 82.22 ± 249 115.52 ± 4.66 67.25 ± 1.11 68.22 ± 1.46 Rhinolophus andamanensis 22 54.14 ± 0.97 58.24 ± 3.72 23.68 ± 2.80 22.39 ± 1.91 12.72 ± 1.37 40.34 ± 1.74 42.30 ± 1.90 44.03 ± 1.75 16.34 ± 1.09 28.54 ± 2.47 11.13 ± 1.03 16.93 ± 1.53 R. cognatus 7 40.06 ± 1.33 36.89 ± 3.54 20.14 ± 1.93 15.94 ± 0.88 7.20 ± 0.71 30.60 ± 0.76 31.63 ± 0.79 31.39 ± 0.84 11.81 ± 0.50 17.38 ± 1.12 8.64 ± 0.46 10.90 ± 0.67 Hipposideros diadema 1 91.55 not taken 51.28 27.01 13.67 70.12 67.47 59.26 31.36 30.05 23.26 15.72 H. grandis 4 61.31 ± 1.02 64.94 ± 2.84 34.97 ± 2.47 20.21 ± 0.97 10.25 ± 0.40 36.33 ± 0.84 44.97 ± 0.74 40.74 ± 0.81 20.64 ± 0.53 20.41 ± 1.04 16.06 ± 2.72 10.17 ± 0.56 H . pomona 10 41.80 ± 1.26 42.51 ± 4.08 29.13 ± 1.75 18.21 ± 2.42 6.25 ± 0.89 31.27 ± 1.26 32.94 ± 1.30 31.27 ± 3.09 17.23 ± 0.85 16.45 ± 1.01 10.48 ± 1.11 7.66 ± 0.92 H . cf. pomona 4 40.86 ± 1.00 44.42 ± 0.47 29.65 ± 0.65 18.84 ± 0.76 5.4 ± 0.93 30.64 ± 0.78 32.23 ± 0.76 31.04 ± 0.46 16.12 ± 0.22 15.49 ± 1.57 9.96 ± 0.65 7.17 ± 0.57 Megaderma spasma 8 54.79 ± 6.30 61.33 ± 7.05 absent 34.70 ± 7.60 14.95 ± 2.34 41.62 ± 1.85 45.76 ± 3.76 49.05 ± 5.14 20.97 ± 1.84 36.75 ± 6.71 12.94 ± 1.24 17.44 ± 2.36 Taphozous melanopogon 13 61.50 ± 1.85 67.79 ± 4.26 24.45 ± 2.52 17.59 ± 1.87 11.60 ± 0.94 54.68 ± 2.65 43.16 ± 2.85 35.07 ± 2.27 19.94 ± 0.93 21.18 ± 1.36 12.60 ± 0.98 7.82 ± 0.48 Hesperoptenus tickelli 2 48.68 ± 0.51 58.20 ± 2.70 43.78 ± 2.51 16.74 ± 0.08 10.99 ± 0.40 46.21 ± 0.78 45.64 ± 1.13 46.03 ± 2.20 21.28 ± 0.45 25.81 ± 0.88 16.34 ± 0.05 12.20 ± 0.93 Pipistrellus javanicus 7 32.28 ± 0.98 40.39 ± 2.02 32.26 ± 2.06 10.54 ± 1.87 6.53 ± 0.32 31.35 ± 0.69 30.98 ± 0.79 29.76 ± 0.68 11.73 ± 0.33 13.76 ± 3.02 10.74 ± 0.41 7.77 ± 0.71 P. coromandra 2 31.25 ± 1.49 36.82 ± 2.80 31.25 ± 0.64 10.79 ± 0.96 6.20 ± 0.14 30.86 ± 1.30 30.32 ± 1.43 29.38 ± 0.98 11.62 ± 0.22 12.35 ± 2.85 10.45 ± 0.47 6.97 ± 0.82 Tylonycteris robustula 2 24.75 ± 1.45 36.65 ± 0.65 27.05 ± 0.75 10.20 ± 0.00 6.00 ± 0.20 24.20 ± 1.30 24.1 ± 1.60 23.45 ± 1.25 10.70 ± 0.30 11.85 ± 0.45 9.00 ± 0.60 5.45 ± 0.05 Myotis horsfieldii 8 37.46 ± 0.79 41.25 ± 1.78 39.55 ± 1.70 14.74 ± 1.14 8.88 ± 0.62 36.76 ± 0.61 35.28 ± 0.75 34.69 ± 0.91 16.07 ± 0.36 17.86 ± 1.93 10.63 ± 0.32 11.31 ± 0.52

Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat New records North Andaman Islands: Chipo, Diglipur, and Ramnagar; Middle Andaman Islands: Baratang Island, Burmadera, Interview Island, Nayadera, and Webi; South Andaman Islands: Dignabad, Port Blair, and Neil Island. T ABLE 1. External measurements (in mm, expressed as 0 ± SD) of the 17 species of bats captured during the survey, including forearm length (FA), head-and-body length (HB), tail length ( TL), ear length (E), hind foot length (HF), third metacarpal length (3 mt), fourth metacarpal length (4 mt), fifth metacarpal length (5mt), first phalanx of the third metacarpal length (1 ph 3 mt), second phalanx of the third metacarpal length (2 ph 3mt), first phalanx of the fourth metacarpal length (1ph 4mt) and second phalanx of the fourth metacarpal length (1 ph 4 mt); n indicates the number of individuals collected Previous records North Andaman Islands: Chalis Ek (HZM), Ramnagar (HZM); Middle Andaman Islands: Rangat (ZSIK); South Andaman Islands: Port Blair (ZSIK; Hill, 1967 ); Chidiatapu (ZSIK; reported as Mandapahar by Hill, 1967 ). Comments Fifty-five specimens were captured of which 12 specimens were collected. Variations with respect to hair length, pelage colouration and the shade and extent of white on ear margin and digits were observed. Aul et al. (2014) reported the sightings of this species from 27 locations in the Andaman Islands and opined the presence of hitherto undescribed Cynopterus species on the Andaman Islands. As per current taxonomic knowledge, we refer to C. sphinx on the islands by C. s. andamanensis ( Andersen, 1912 ) , and also suspect the presence of C. s. scherzeri on the islands alongside C. s. andamanensis . Variations among populations of C. sphinx have been observed and a study is currently underway comparing variations among the populations on the Andaman Islands, with those on the mainland.