Bioeroding sponge species from the Wakatobi region of southeast Sulawesi Indonesia
Author
Marlow, Joseph
Author
Bell, James J.
Author
Shaffer, Megan
Author
Haris, Abdul
Author
Schönberg, Christine Hanna Lydia
text
Zootaxa
2021
2021-07-02
4996
1
1
48
journal article
10.11646/zootaxa.4996.1.1
1175-5326
5073343
F398F5CE-82CA-48E2-98BA-9B59AF27DB5D
Genus
Cliona
Grant, 1826
Diagnosis.
Clionaid genus with sponges in endolithic-papillate (alpha), endolithic-encrusting (beta), free-living (gamma), fistulate sand-dwelling (delta) and intermediate morphologies. Ability to erode calcareous materials. Megascleres as tylostyles, or modifications.Microscleres spirasterose spicules, amphiasters, raphides or microrhabds, if present. Skeleton with papillar tylostyles in palisade, unordered or as usually weakly defined fibres in choanosome, microscleres scattered or adhering to membranes. Erosion traces largely small-camerate, reaching less than
3 mm
in diameter per chamber, but some species with large-camerate to cavernous erosion chambers. Association with
Symbiodiniaceae
common in sponges with tylostyles and spirasters.