Lycoris wulingensis, a dwarf new species of Amaryllidaceae from Hunan, China Author Zhang, Si-Yu College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China Author Huang, Ying College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China Author Zhang, Pei Linli Jidong Cement Limited Company, Changde, Hunan 415200, China Author Zhu, Ke-Run College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China Author Chen, Yong-Bing Sanjie Nationalized Forest Farm, Chuzhou, Anhui 239400, China Author Shao, Jian-Wen College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China & The Key Laboratory of Conservation and Employment of Biological Resources of Anhui, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China shaojw@ahnu.edu.cn text PhytoKeys 2021 2021-04-21 177 1 9 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.177.62741 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.177.62741 1314-2003-177-1 277271C6562256D795DE0FD2409554B7 Lycoris wulingensis S.Y. Zhang sp. nov. Figs 1 , 2 Type . China . Hunan , Zhangjiajie County , Wangjiaping Town , Matouxi Village , 29°0'54.7"N , 110°48'3.7"E , under broad-leaved forest, beside the water ditch, 276 m a.s.l. , 22 August 2020 , S.Y. Zhang , ZSY202008001 ( holotype : ANUB; isotypes: PE, KUN) . Diagnosis. Most similar to L. x haywardii , but differs from it by smaller plant and flower sizes (Figs 3 , 4 , Table 2 ) and it is restricted to north-western Hunan Province (Fig. 5 ). Table 2. Comparison the morphology and distribution of Lycoris wulingensis and its related species.

Characters	L. wulingensis	L. x haywardii	L. radiata
Leaf	15-27 cm long, 3-5 (mean = 4.0) mm broad	40-55 cm long, 8-12 mm broad	25-45 cm long, 5-10 mm broad
Bulb	2-3 cm in diameter	3.5-5.5 cm in diameter	3-4.5 cm in diameter
Scape	25-30 cm tall, 4-6 mm in diameter	40-50 cm tall, 8-12 mm in diameter	35-40 cm tall, 6-9 mm in diameter
Flower	Flower rose-red, tepals 2.5-2.8 cm long, apex slightly reversed and slightly undulate, stamen 3-3.5 cm long.	Flower rose-red, tepals 4.5-6 cm long, apex slightly reversed and slightly undulate, stamen 6-8 cm long.	Flower red, tepals 3-3.5 cm long, strongly reversed and undulate, stamen 6-8 cm long.
Distribution	North-western Hunan (China)	Southeast Anhui, Southern Jiangsu, Eastern Zhejiang (China)	Southeast Asia; Southwest, South and East China; Japan; South Korea

Description. Perennial herb. Bulbs nearly spherical, 2-3 cm in diameter, covered brown epidermis, with fine lines on the epidermis. Leaves ligulate, often 4-7, blunt apex, appearing in mid-September, 15-27 cm long, 3-5 mm wide; upper surface dark green, mid-vein distinctly pale; bottom surface light green with a raised mid-rib. Inflorescence scapose, 25-30 cm high, green or reddish-brown; 2 spathe bracts, lanceolate, 2-2.5 cm long, 5-7 mm wide, semi-closed to wrap the bud; 3-7 flowers per umbels, pedicels 1.5-2 cm long, diameter 1.5-2 mm; flowers rose-red; perianth lobes oblanceolate, 2.5-2.8 cm long, about 5 mm wide, apex slightly reversed and undulate; floral tubes light red, about 3 mm long. Filaments 3-3.5 cm long, rose-red, slightly longer than tepals, anther yellow, 2-3 mm long; pistil length 4-4.5 cm, middle and lower part diameter 0.8 mm, rose-red, apex diameter about 0.4 mm, dark-red. Ovary 4 mm in diameter, spherical and green. Capsules three-lobed, green or pale when mature; seeds black, spherical, 5-7 mm in diameter. Figure 1. Morphology of Lycoris wulingensis S. Y. Zhang, sp. nov. A inflorescence B, C habitat D flower E flower bud F leaf G fruit H seeds I bulb J karyotype (2n = 22) K pollen (stained by TTC). Phenology. Flowering from mid-July to late-August; fruiting in September; and leaves growing in mid-September. Figure 2. Morphology of Lycoris wulingensis S. Y. Zhang, sp. nov. A plant B inflorescence C flower bud D flower E fruit F seed. The picture was drawn by Ling Wang. Distribution. Lycoris wulingensis is distributed in the east of Wuling Mountains and its surrounding areas, such as Cili, Linli, Li, Taoyuan and Yongding Counties (Fig. 5 ). Habitat. Lycoris wulingensis is partial to grow on the edge of forest roads, farmland or riverside beaches, usually under deciduous trees (such as Alangium chinense and Pterocarya stenoptera ) and accompanied by Pinellia ternata , Commelina communis , Arthraxon hispidus and Ophiopogon bodinieri etc. The surrounding residents sometimes cultivate it as an ornamental plant. Vernacular name. 武陵石蒜 [wǔ ling shi suan ]. Etymology. The specific epithet comes from its distribution area of the Wuling Mountains, which is an important biodiversity hotspot in South Central China. Karyotype. 2n = 22 (Fig. 1J ). Reproduction. This species can reproduce asexually by duplication of bulbs (1.5-2 times per year) and can also sexually reproduce through seeds. Conservation status. Compared with other species in the Lycoris , the distribution range of Lycoris wulingensis is relatively narrow. Based on preliminary investigation, we found only four large populations and some sporadic distribution points. However, considering the lack of in-depth investigation and also considering that some populations may occur in other similar habitats, we classified its conservation status as Data Deficient (DD), according to the IUCN Red List Criteria ( IUCN 2019 ).