Species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) with cuboidal basidiospores from Brazil Author Karstedt, Fernanda Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045 - 902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil Author Bergemann, Sarah E. Middle Tennessee State University, Biology Department, PO Box 60, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA. Author Gates, Genevieve 9 Winmarleigh Ave, Taroona, Tasmania, 7053, Australia. Author Ratkowsky, David Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia. Author Cunha, Kelmer Martins 0000-0003-2140-9916 MIND. Funga / MICOLAB, Botany Department, Santa Catarina Federal University, 88040 - 900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. * Correspondence to: fernanda. karstedt @ gmail. com fernanda. karstedt @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2140 - 9916 sarah. bergemann @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7875 - 2040 ggggates @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9561 - 7788 d. ratkowsky @ utas. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7514 - 3570 kelmermartinscunha @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0545 - 5966 mcapelariibot @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0001 - 0737 - 3681 fernanda.karstedt@gmail.com Author Capelari, Marina Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045 - 902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil text Phytotaxa 2024 2024-06-20 654 1 1 76 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1 1179-3163 13217065 Entoloma paulense Karstedt & Capelari , sp. nov. Figs. 25 , 36g –h MB 838598 Etymology:— Paulense refers to the species being found in the city of São Paulo . Diagnosis:— Entoloma paulense is characterized by the combination of its blue basidiome, entirely sky blue when young, that when old or injured becomes olive-green, by cuboidal basidiospores or even a few basidiospores with one side very reduced or with two faces joined in an angle of 180 º that resembles a prism ( Fig. 10c–f of Karstedt & Capelari 2013 ), by clavate, broadly clavate, ventricose or irregular cheilocystidia ( Fig. 25d , recorded here with a more variable form than in Karstedt & Capelari 2013 ), for the pseudocystidia that are present ( Fig. 25c ) and for their pigmented refractive hyphae. Type :— BRAZIL . São Paulo : São Paulo , Fontes do Ipiranga State Park , near the Mycology Research Center building, 28 January 2009 , F. Karstedt FK1151 ( Holotype , SP; isotype , K) . Description:—The morphological description of this species appears in Karstedt & Capelari (2013) , as Inocephalus virescens (Sacc.) Largent & Abell-Davis (2011:232) Habitat:—Gregarious with little dispersion, in soil amid grass, in the domain of the Atlantic Forest biome. Distribution:— São Paulo , Brazil , the type locality. Additional material examined:— BRAZIL . São Paulo : São Paulo , Fontes do Ipiranga State Park , near the Mycology Research Center building, 5 December 2006 , F. Karstedt FK0821 (SP) . Comments:—The collections now identified as Entoloma paulense were initially treated as E. virescens ( Karstedt & Capelari 2013 , as Inocephalus virescens ). The morphological characteristics of the E. virescens isotype and the descriptions of the materials identified as E. virescens (Horak 1976a, Noordeloos & Hausknecht 2007, Largent & Abell-Davis 2011 ) overlap with those of E. paulense . However, phylogenetic analysis ( Fig. 3 ) showed that the collections named as E. virescens occurring in Australia (Largent & Abell-Davis 2012, as I. virescens ), in La Reunion (Noordeloos & Hausknecht 2007, as E. virescens (Sacc.) E. Horak ex Courtec. (1986:131)) and Guyana (collection MCA2479, cited in the Baroni et al . 2011 , as I. ‘virescens’ ) are distinct from E. paulense . Entoloma virescens was recorded from the state of Ceará ( Alves & Nascimento 2012 , as E. virescens ) and according to the morphological description differs from E. paulense only in terms of the color that turns blue-green to entirely green-grey instead of green-olive or olivaceus ochre. It was not possible to confirm whether the material collected in Ceará represents E. paulense , as most of the microscopic structures had collapsed. In addition, there are more collections identified as E. virescens collected in South America (MCA2479, TJB9703, FK0821 and FK1151, Fig. 3 ) that were given the same name for having similar morphology but are likely to be at least three species. A larger sampling study is necessary to elucidate the morphological and geographical delimitation of the species of the E. virescens complex.