A revision of the Neotropical species of Lucilia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Author Whitworth, Terry text Zootaxa 2014 2014-05-29 3810 1 1 76 journal article 5372 10.11646/zootaxa.3810.1.1 a865b1e8-4533-4dfb-815d-cd31a97d34d7 1175-5326 4918528 C68A152F-33DD-4E49-900D-213DEE6591D8 5. Lucilia eximia ( Wiedemann, 1819 ) Figs. 2 , 7, 11 , 17 , 41, 42 , 65, 66 , 90–92 , 124 , 136 , 148 , 161 , Tables 1, 2 Musca eximia Wiedemann, 1819: 53 . Type (s), unspecified sex (“unique type is a female” in NMW according to Aubertin 1933: 424 ; not examined). Type locality: Brazil . Lucilia eximia : Aubertin 1933: 423 ; Carvalho & Riberio 2000: 170; Silva et al. 2003: 2 ; Whitworth 2006: 720 ; Giao & Godoy 2006: 753 ; Amat et al . 2008: 235 ; Carvahlo & Mello-Patiu 2008: 398; Whitworth 2010: 21 ; Giraldo, et al. 2011: 273; Kosmann et al. 2013: 77 ; Tantawi & Sinclair 2013: 238 . Phaenicia eximia : Hall 1948: 239 ; Mello 1961: 270 ; James 1970: 10 ; Greenberg & Szyska 1984: 496 ; Baumgartner & Greenberg 1985: 583 ; Mariluis et al. 1994: 30 ; Mariluis 2002: 99 ; Mariluis & Mulieri 2003: 88 . Lucilia hirtiforceps Shannon, 1926: 133 . Holotype male (USNM, examined, Fig. 17 ). Type locality: Panama , Canal Zone. Lucilia hirtiforceps : Curran 1934a: 471 . Lucilia littoralis Blanchard, 1938: 380 . Syntypes , unspecified number of males (MACN, not examined). Type locality: Argentina . Syn. nov. Lucilia littoralis : unplaced Calliphoridae : James 1970: 15 . New synonymy. Based on Blanchard’s (1938) description and figures of the male genitalia of his new species Lucilia littoralis , this nominal species is synonymized with Musca eximia Wiedemann, 1819 , syn. nov. Diagnosis. A widespread and somewhat variable species found from the southern United States to southern South America. One of six species where the upper calypter is white and the lower brown in males while both the upper and lower calypters are white in females. Where ranges overlap in southern South America, it may be confused with L. ochricornis . To separate them, L. eximia has pale and weak setae below and behind the strong postocular row (as in Fig. 3 ) vs. setae dark and stout (as in Fig. 4 ); male frons narrower, averaging 0.04 (0.03–0.05/ 19) of head width at narrowest vs. broader, averaging 0.06 (0.05–0.075/5) of head width; male genitalia are distinctive in lateral view the surstylus is of medium length, narrower at the base with distal half expanded ( Fig. 41 ). Description. In male, anterior and posterior facets both small, anterior facets 1.8x posterior facets (0.40mm, 0.27mm); females eye facets very similar to males except anterior facets are slightly larger (0.48mm, 0.27mm). See Hall (1948) and other authors listed above for more characters for this species. See Whitworth (2010) for a detailed discussion of characters and character states for this species. See Figs 41, 42 , 65, 66 , 90–92 , 124 herein for views of male genitalia, phallus, hypandrium, ejaculatory sclerite and sternite; see Figs. 136 , 148 for views of ovipositor and spermathecae. Specimens examined. ( 280 males , 690 females ). Argentina ( 16 males , 22 females ) : 4 males , 1 female , no location given, April 10, 1927 , R.C. Shannon ( USNM ) ; 2 females , Iguazu , Oct. 4–10, R.C & E.M. Shannon ( USNM ) ; 9 males , 14 females , Entre Rios Liebig ( Rio Uruguay ), April , 1977, S. Bolle ( CNC ) ; 1 male , Buenos Aires , Rio Lujan , S. Bolle ( CNC ) ; 1 female , La Plata , Punta Lara , Jan. 13, 1970 , Malaise trap , Vardy & Arguindeguy ( BMNH ) ; 1 female , Tuc. Horco Molle , 12km W Tucuman , 700m , Malaise trap , March 22–24, 1974 , C.R. Vardy ( BMNH ) ; 2 males , 1 female , Bemberg , Alto Parana Misiones , March 7–21, 1934 , K.J. Hayward ( BMNH ) ; 2 females , Catamarca , Ao. El Pintado, S . La Vina. 650m , Sept. 27, 28, 1969, Pena ( BMNH ) . Belize : 1 male , 5 miles N San Ignacio , Nov. 22–30, 1988 , F.D. Parker ( LACM ) ; 1 female [BNNR111], Bel.District , UCR Campus , March 17, 2011 , J.S. Kirkley . Bolivia ( 5 males , 10 females ) : 5 males , 4 females , Sta. Cruz , 24km S Camin ; March 5, 1999 , M. Irwin , F. Parker ( LACM ) ; 2 females , Sta. Barbara , N. Coroico Yungas , Jan. 4, 5, 1976, 1100m , L.E. Pena ( CNC ) ; 1 female , Andres Ibanez Prov. , Potrello del Guenda , Oct. 9, 1993 , J.A. Aramayo , P. Bettella , M.J.R. Hall ( BMNH ) ; 1 female [BNNR110], Sta. Cruz , Camin , March 5, 1999 , Irwin & Parker ( LACM ) ; 1 female [BNNR112], Sta. Cruz , Samapeta , Feb. 18, 1999 , F. Parker. ( LACM ) ; 1 female [BNNR036], La Paz, Chulumani , March 10, 2003 , F.D. Parker ( LACM ) . Brazil ( 39 males , 103 females ) : 29 males , 55 females , Tocantis , Porto Nacional , Feb. 1–4, 2003 , D.J. Carvan ( BYU ) ; 1 male , 2 females , Dist. Fed. Planaltina , 1000m , cerrado, Malaise trap , Sept. 24– Oct. , 1985, Scott E. Miller ; 3 males , 5 females , Bahai , Rock Found. , May , 1929, Shannon Lab , ( USNM ) ; 1 male , São Paulo Prov. , Mogi Guaca Campininha , Oct. 23–28, 1970 , J.W. Boyes ( CNC ) ; 1 male , Cupary Trail near BoaVista Fordlandia, R . Tapajos , July 6, 1906 , C.H.T. Townsend ( USNM ) ; 1 male , Tabocal, R . Tapajos , June , 1920, C.H.T. Townsend ( USNM ) ; 1 male , Rio de Janeiro Prov. , Guanabara , July 23, 1960 , N. Marston ( WSUP ) ; 1 female , Min. Ger. , near Timote , April 1–15, 1999 , Eurico ( LACM ) ; 1 male , same data except Sept. 30, 1999 ; 1 female , same data except Oct. , 1997 ; 1 female , same data except July 10–18, 1999 ; 2 females , 24km E Formoso , Go. May 23, 1956 , F.S. Truxal ( LACM ) ; 1female , same data except E.Y. Dawson ( LACM ) ; 10 females , Rio de Janeiro , Aug. 1938 , Yell. Feb. Serv. MES, ( USNM ) ; 2 females Mato Grosso , Maracaju , July , 1937, Yell. Feb. Serv. MES ( USNM ) ; 6 females , Rio de Janeiro D.F., Aug. 1938 , Yell. Feb. Serv. MES, ( USNM ) ; 2 females , Nova Teutonia , 27°11'S 52°23'W , 300–500m , no date, Fritz Plaumann ( FSCA ) ; 3 females , Serra Grande , Oct. 21–30, 1992 , D.W. Davis ( LACM ) ; 2 females , Rondonia , 62km SW Ariquemes , near Fzda. Rancho Grande , Dec. 6–15, 1990 , D.A. Rider , J.E. Eger ( FSCA ) ; 1 male , 1 female , Ceara , Diaz Da Roche , April 1936 ( USNM ) ; 1 female , Amapa , Santanure , May 1966 , T. CH. ( BMNH ) ; 1 female , Para , Rio Iriri Camp Altamira (ca 100km S), 52°40'W 3°50'S , Oct. 17, 18, 1986, Malaise trap , P. Spangler , O. Flint ( USNM ) ; 1 female , Petropolis , Dec. 1970 , J. Maldonado ( USNM ) ; 4 females [BNNR102–105], Porto Nacional , Feb. 4, 2003 , D.J. Cavan ( BYU ) ; 1 female [BNNR035], Brazilo , March 7, 1999 , M. Irwin ( LACM ) ; 1 female [BNNR037], Tocantins , April 11, 2003 , D.J. Cavan ( LACM ) . Colombia ( 11 males , 4 females ) : 7 males , Anchicaya , 70km E B’ventura, Feb. 17–20, 1970 , 400m, D.M. Wood ( CNC ) ; 1 male , 1 female , Rio Jamundi , 10km S Cali , Valle , Feb. 25, 1970 , 1000m , D.M. Wood ( CNC ) ; 1 male , Dept. Valle , Ginebra , July 13, 14, 1979, Mac A. Tidwell ( FSCA ) ; 1female , Cartagena , Oct. 3, 1971 , G.E. Bohart ( LACM ) ; 1 female , Antioq. , Medellin , Oct 2, 1971 , G.E. Bohart ( LACM ) ; 1 female , Tol. Amero , Jan. 30, 1977 Malaise trap , E.L. Peyton ( USNM ) ; 2 males , Buena Ventura , July 19, 1930 ( USNM ) ; Costa Rica ( 78 males , 227 females ) : 33 males , 94 females , Heredia , Santo Domingo , Jan. 10, 2011 , T.L. Whitworth ( TW ) ; 28 males , 84 females , Guanica , 3 km SE Naranjo , numerous dates May-Aug. , 1993, F.D. Parker ( LACM ) ; 15 males , 31 females , San Jose, Escazu , numerous dates, Feb. , 1987- July , 1988, F.D. Parker ( LACM ) ; 2 females , San Jose, July 25, 1962 , M.T. James ( WSUP ) ; 3 females , San Jose, June 5, 1963 , C.L. Hogue ( LACM ) ; 1 male , 10 females , Cartago , Turrialba , July 24, 1952 W. W. Neel ( USNM ) ; 10 females , same data except May-June , 1976, Malaise trap , M. Wasbauer ( EMEC ) ; 1 male [BNNR096], 4 females [BNNR98–101], Heredia , Santo Domingo, T.L . Whitworth ( TW ) ; 3 females [BNNR158], Guanica , Navanjo , June 14, 1993 ( LACM ) ; same data except [BNNR159], July 21, 1993 ; data same except [BNNR160], Aug. 8, 1993 . Ecuador ( 27 males , 22 females ) : 3 males , 3 females , Past. , Puyo , various dates Jan. - June , 1976, Malaise trap , R. Spangler et al. ( USNM ) ; 3 males , 3 females , same data except May 18, 1977 ; 5 males , 2 females , Zam. Chin. , Zamora , June , 1976, A. Langley et al. ( USNM ) ; 1 male , Napo , Misahualli , June 25, 1976 , P.M. Turner ( USNM ) ; 3 males , Taguando R. , NW Ibarra , June 9, 1965 , 1650–1900m , L. Pena ( CNC ) ; 4 males , 7 females , Pompeya , Napo R., Pastaza , May 14–22, 1965 , L. Pena ( CNC ) ; 2 males , Coca , Napo R., Napo , April 12–30, 1965 , L. Pena ( CNC ) ; 1 male , 1 female , Balao Chico , April 23–25, 1963 , L.E. Pena ( CNC ) ; 3 males , 2 females , Rio Frio , Chico , April 26–30, 1963 , Pena ; 1 male , 1 female , El Triunfo , Guayas , March 4, 1965 , L. Pena ( CNC ) ; 1 male , Guayaquil , 1935, G. Von Buchwald , ( LACM ) ; 1 female , Rio Ayampe , July 26, 1976 , J. Cohen ( USNM ) ; 1 female , Pich. E. Santo Domingo , May 8–14, 1988 , Hanson , Bohart ( LACM ) ; 1 female , Canar , El Valle de Cochanca on Rd. to El Tamto , Feb. 13, 1966 , 280m, R.H. Arnett , E.J. Gerberg ( FSCA ) . El Salvador ( 4 males , 1 female ) : 1 male , San Salvador , May 18, 1958 , O.L. Cartwright ( USNM ) ; 3 males , Santa Tecla , 900m , July 2, 1970 , S.&L. Steinhauser ( FSCA ) ; 1 female , 3 miles E La Libertad , Aug. 30, 1972 , G.F. & S. Hevel ( USNM ) . French Guiana : 1 male , 3 females , Kaw Mt. , 04°33'58"N 52°12'43"W , 310m , bait trap , Feb. 8, 2008 , T.L. Whitworth ( TW ) . Guatemala ( 15 females ) : 1 female , Guatemala , Colonia Las Victorias , April 11, 1999 , Jose Monzon ( UVGC ) ; 1 female , Suchite Pequez , Cocales , Finca San Antonia, March 5, 2008 , C. Bran ( UVGC ) ; 1 female , El Progresso , Senarate , Llanos de Morales , Feb. 1, 1992 , H. Castaneda ( UVGC ) ; 1 female , Guatemala , km 34 Carr Amatitlan , March 9, 2005 , Maria Jose Aldana ( UVGC ) ; 1 female , Guatemala , 1500m , May , 2000, L. Perez ( UVGC ) ; 1 female , Alta Verapaz , Senahu , Fca. El Volcan , July 17, 1986 , Lab de Ecol. ( USNM ) ; 6 females , Guatemala , 1937, Bishopp # 27566 ( USNM ) ; 1 female , Quetzal Tenango , Aug. 1, 1949 , E.G. Smyth ( LACM ) ; 1 female , S. Antonio Such. , July 6, 1965 , Malaise trap , Paul J. Spangler ( USNM ) ; 1 female , Sta. Lucia , Cotz , May 2–11, 1988 , F.D. Parker ( LACM ) . Guyana ( 2 males , 8 females ) : 6 females , Mazaruni , second growth low forest, Sept. 24, 1937 , Richards & Smart Coll. , ( BMNH ) ; 1 female , Villavicencio , Quatquia River , Dec. , 1914, Wellcome Coll. ( BMNH ) ; 1 male , Kartabo , Sept. , 1922, M.D. Haviland ( BMNH ) ; 1 male , Georgetown , Aug. , 1929 ( BMNH ) ; 1 female , Demerara , Wismar , Aug. 1, 1923 , L.D. Cleare , Jr. ( USNM ) . Honduras ( 6 males , 16 females ) : 8 females , Tegucigalpa , Escuela Agricola Pan America , Nov. 26, 1983 , John Dick ( FSCA ) ; 1 male , 3 females , same data except Dec. 5, 1983 ; 1 male , Tegucigalpa , Sept. , 13, 1917, F.J. Dyer ( USNM ) ; 1 male , Zamorano , Dec. 16, 1946 , W.P. Cockerell , ( WSUP ) ; 1 female , Zamorano , Feb. 7, 1946 , T.D.A. Cockerell ( USNM ) ; 1 male , 1 female , Roatan Is. , Feb. 27, 1979 , G.E. Bohart ( LACM ) ; 1 male , 1 female , Siguatepeque , Aug. 26, 1978 , J.A. Chemak , E.G., J.M. Linsley ( EMEC ) ; 1 male , Tegucigalpa , July 29, 1918 , F.J. Dyer ( USNM ) ; 1 female , S. Marcos Crol. , July 29, 1958 , Neff and Matthews ( CNC ) ; 1 female [BNNR107], Santa Lucia , Feb. 11, 2003 , Wilson & Lizard ( LACM ) . Mexico ( 21 males , 111 females ): State of Campeche . 2 males , 2 females , Ciudad del Carmen , Aug. 5, 1964 , Paul J. Spangler ( USNM ) ; 1 female , Campeche , June 30, 1968 , Malaise trap , M.W. McFadden ( LACM ) . State of Chiapas . 1 female , 15 mi SW Tapachula , June 30, 1965 , A. Raske , C. Slobodchikoff ( EMEC ) ; 1 female , 20–25 mi N Huixtia , 3000ft , June 5, 1969 , B.V. Peterson ( CNC ) ; 1 male , Ocozocuaulta , Sept. 14, 1974 , W. Hanson , G. Bohart ( LACM ) . State of Guerrero . 2 females , Cuernavaca , Nov. 10–12, 1987 , F.D. Parker ( LACM ) ; 1 female , 12 km S Ixateopan , Sept. 13, 1982 , 1530m , J.A. Powell , J.A. Chemsak ( EMEC ) . State of Jalisco . 3 females , Careyes , Feb. 12–March 19, 1997 , F.D. Parker ( LACM ) ; 9 females , Chamela , Sept. 26-Oct. 8, 1985 , Parker and Griswold ( LACM ) ; 5 females , Chamela , Oct. 4, 1985 , Malaise , ( LACM ) ; 4 females , Chamela , July 13, 1986 , M. Sanchez-M.T. ( LACM ) ; 5 females , Puerto Vallarta , Jan. 25, 1984 , G.E. Bohart ( LACM ) ; 1 female , same data except Dec. 15, 1987 ; 1 male , 2 females , Chamela , July 23-31, 1990 , Chemsak ( EMEC ) . State of Mexico . 1 male , Chapingo , Aug. 29, 1980 , J.B. Karren ( LACM ) . State of Michoacan . 1 female , Cotija , Sept. 14, 1975 , B. Villegas ( UCDC ) . State of Morleos . 2 males , Tequesquito , July 7, 1956 , K. H. Janzen ( EMEC ) ; 1 male , Cuernavaca , July , 1959, Krauss ( USNM ) ; 1 female , 6 mi E Cuernavaca , Sept. 1, 1974 , W. Hanson , G. Bohart ( LACM ) ; State of Nuevo Leon . 3 females , 5 mi. S Monterrey , May 8, 1968 , Malaise trap , M.W. McFadden ( WSUP ) ; 1 female , Cola de Caballo , June 18, 1976 , M. Grant ( FSCA ) . State of Oxaca . 1 male , 3 females , Temascal , Oct. 15, 1963 , D.H. Hanson ( EMEC ) ; 3 females , same data except Oct. 19, 1963 ; 3 females , Puerto Escondido , Jan. 2–7, 1995 , Lars Ove Hanson ( KR ) . State of Quintana Roo . 3 females , Felipe Carrillo , pto, Oct. 10–14, 1986 , Malaise trap ( LACM ) . State of San Luis Potosi . 2 males , 1 female , El Narandjo , June 29, 1965 , Paul J. Spangler ( USNM ) ; State of Sinaloa . 4 males , 7 females , 2.5 mi N Mazatlan , Aug. 11, 1970 , Malaise trap , M. Washbauer ( EMEC ) . State of Sonora . 1 male , 5 females , Alamos , Sept. 6, 1970 , W.J. Hanson , T.L. Whitworth ( LACM ) . State of Tamaulipas . 1 male , 28 females , Villa de Casas , 41 mi E Cd. Victoria , June 15–30, 1986 , carrion trap , R. Trevino , R. Jones ( TAMU ) ; State of Veracruz . 1 male , Fortin de las Flores , May 20–23, 1965 , Malaise trap , H.V. Weems ( FSCA ) ; 1 female , Cordoba , July 20, 1966 , J.S. Buckett ( LACM ) ; 1 male , 1 female , Lake Catemaco , June 17, 1969 , B.B. Peterson ( CNC ) ; 1 female , 2km NW Alazan , Jan. 22–23, 1970 , 20m , Richard K. Laval ( TAMU ) ; 2 males , 1 female , Catemaco , Sept. 6, 1974 , G. Bohart , W. Hanson ( LACM ) ; 14 females , Yanga , Jan. 28, 1975 , 1500 ft , bait trap , A.B. Broce ( FSCA ) . Nicaragua : 1 male , 31 miles N Esteli , Aug. 22, 1972 , G.F. & S. Hevel ( USNM ) . Panama ( 10 males , 29 females ) : 1 female , Ft. Kolbe , Aug. 3, 1967 , B.F Eldridge ( FSCA ) ; 3 males , 9 females , Ft. Kolbe , Aug. 18, 1967 , B.F. Eldridge ( FSCA ) ; 2 females , Panama City , July 8–9, 1962 , M.T. James ( WSUP ) ; 1 female , Barro Colorado , Feb. 17, 1967 , Malaise trap , R.D. Akre ( WSUP ) ; 1 female , same data except April 13, 1967 ; 1 female , Las Cumbres , Aug. 26, 1982 , Malaise trap , Henk Wolda ( UCDC ) ; 1 female , same data except Oct. 10, 1982 ; 1 female , same data except Oct. 20, 1982 ; 1 female , same data except Nov. 1, 1982 ; 1 female , same data except Oct. 2, 1982 ; 3 females , Potrerillos , Feb. 14, 1934 , D.V. Brown ( USNM ) ; 1 male , Concepcion , Oct. 1959 , N.L.H. Krauss ( USNM ) ; 2 males , Jacque River , July 26, 1962 , F.S. Blanton ( USNM ) ; 1 male , Camaron , Ft. Kobbe , June 17, 1952 , F.S. Blanton ( USNM ) ; 1 male , Boquette , Dec. 1946 , N.L. Krauss ( USNM ) ; 2 females , Cristobal , May 1960 , S.G. Breeland ( FSCA ) ; 1 male , 1 female , Colon , Oct. 1959 , N.L.H. Krauss ( USNM ) ; 1 female , Darien province , April 14, 1967 ( FSCA ) ; 1 female , Cerro Campana , April 10, 1963 , Roger D. Akre ( WSUP ) ; 1 female , same data except Aug. 1, 1970 , 2900 ft. , J.M. Campbell ( CNC ) ; 1 male , El Cermeno , Dec. 1939 , Zetek ( USNM ) ; 1 female , Los Cumbres , July 2, 1971 , M. Daykin ( UCDC ) . Paraguay ( 22 males , 61 females ) : 19 males , 51 females , Villarrica , numerous dates from March – June , 1936–1939, F. Schade ( USNM ) ; 1 female , Sa. Trinidad , Aug. 19, 1913 , no collector ( USNM ) ; 1 female , same data, except Aug. 13 ; 1 male , 2 females , same data, except June 19, 1914 ; 2 males , 6 females , Asuncion , Oct. 6–Nov. 5, 1980 , D.C. Lowry ( USNM ) . Peru ( 25 males , 28 females ) : 21 males , 15 females , Loreto , 200m , 21–31 Oct. , 1984, J. Schunke ( LACM ) ; 3 males 5 females , Junin Prov. , reared in San Ramon, 1000m , July 26, 1980 , D. Baumgartner ( BG ) ; 1 male , 1 female , Tarma , San Ramon, Dec. 10, 1977 , J. Kunich ( BG ) ; 1 female , Huanuco , Tingo Maria N.P. , 660m , April 16, 1987 , W.J. Hanson ( LACM ) ; 3 females , Pasco Prov. , Puerto Bermudez , 200m , June 28, 1980 , D. Goodwin ( BG ) ; 1 female , Pan de Azucar , San Ramon, 1000m , June 21, 1980 , D. Goodwind , B. Greenberg (BH) ; 1 female , Pucalla , Loreto , 200m , Dec. 3-5, 1984 , J. Schunke ( LACM ) ; 1 female , same data, except Aug. 1–9, 1985 . Suriname : 3 males , 2 females , Paramaribec , Sept. , 1943, David G. Hall ( USNM ) . United States , Louisiana : 2 females [BNNR040, 041], EBR, Oct. 29, 2008 , Parish, L . Pharr ( TW ) . Texas : 1 female [BNNR096], Rockport , Feb. 20, 2011 , T.L. Whitworth ( TW ) . Uruguay : 1 female , State of Soriano , Cardona , May 20, 2008 , T.L. Whitworth ( TW ) . Venezuela ( 5 males , 19 females ) : 1 male , Maracay , Aug. 29, 1943 , D.G. Hall ( USNM ) ; 1 female , Barrancas Obispos , Barinas , July 6, 1979 , R.W. Brooks et al. ( UCDC ) ; 1 male , 1 female , same data except Quibor , Jiminez , July 8, 1979 ; 2 males , 1 female , T.F. Amaz. , Cerro de la Neblina Basecamp , 0°50'N 66°9'W , 140m , March 1–10, 1984 , D. Davis , T. McCabe ( USNM ) ; 1 female , Zuila , 31km SW Machiques , April 14, 1981 , A.S. Menke , L. Hollenberg ( USNM ) ; 1 male , Aragua , 2km N Ocumare de la Costa , June 21, 1976 , A.S. Menke , D. Vincent ( USNM ) ; 2 females , same data except March 31, 1981 , A.S. Menke , L. Hollengerg ; 1 female , same data except Puerto de Cata , June 10, 1976 ; 2 females , Portg. 10 km N Biscucuy , April 9, 1981 , A.S. Menke , L. Hollenberg ( USNM ) ; 3 females , Merida , Libertador , July 3, 1979 , R.W. Brooks et al. ( UCDC ) ; 1 female , San Esteban, Nov. 26, 1939 , Pablo Anduze ( USNM ) ; 1 female , La Mesa , Trujillo , Sept. 11, 1973 , B. Villegas ( UCDC ) ; 1 female , La Florida, April 20, 1938 , on palm flowers, C.H. Ballows ( USNM ) ; 1 female , Caracas , 1938, Br. Anthonius ( USNM ) ; 1 female , Caracas , Sept. 1941 , Col. O. Hect ( WSUP ) ; 1 female [BNNR108], Meredia , May 17, 1996 , W.C. Pitt ( LACM ) ; 1 female [BNNR109], Bolivar , Rio Hacha ; Dec. 6, 1995 , P. Kung ( LACM ) . West Indies , Dominica : 4 females [BNNR113–116], St Andrew Parish , near Calibishe , 15°35'28"N 61°20'09"W , March 17, 2009 , trap baited with dead fish, T.L. Whitworth ( TW ) . Puerto Rico : 3 males [BNNR119–121] , 4 females [BNNR30, 31, 117, 118], Mayaguez , Univ. of Puerto Rico campus, 18°13' 16"N 67° 08' 74"W , 3 March , 2009, T.L. Whitworth ( TW ) . Distribution. Widespread from the southern United States through Central America to southern South America, including Argentina , Belize , Bolivia , Brazil , Colombia , Costa Rica , Ecuador , El Salvador , French Guiana, Honduras , Guatemala , Guyana , Mexico , Nicaragua , Panama , Paraguay , Peru , Suriname , Uruguay , Venezuela , and the West Indies. Tantawi & Sinclair (2013) recorded this species for the first time from four Galápagos Islands. Discussion. This species was common in many areas and somewhat variable, it has been described as different species by numerous authors, see synonyms above. Mello (1961) listed Phaenicia ochricornis , P. mera , and P. primaveris as synonyms of L. eximia , these were misidentifications. This species was the most frequently encountered species of Lucilia in most of the Neotropical Region and it occurs over a large geographical area. It is likely found in every country through Central and South America from Argentina north. Barcodes for 28 specimens of this species were obtained from Belize , Bolivia , Brazil , Costa Rica , Dominica , Honduras , Puerto Rico , Venezuela , and from the United States ( Louisiana and Texas ). Specimens grouped into several discrete clusters, widely separated ( Fig. 161 ). This raised the possibility that some of these groups are cryptic species. A study of specimens within groups revealed some variation in morphology, but, in my opinion, none of the differences merited the description of separate species. See Whitworth (2010) for a discussion of differences seen between West Indies and mainland L. eximia . A possible explanation for the variation in barcodes for this species is that isolated populations widely separated evolved at different rates. They slowly grew more different, but genes may change faster than the observable physical characteristics that mirror these changes. Further study of the various populations may reveal groups that merit species distinctions. It is possible that L. eximia is a species complex based on the CO1 data, but it is beyond the scope of the present work to sort this out.