Revision of the Therates fruhstorferi complex (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) Author Matalin, Andrey V. 0000-0002-7790-8709 Moscow State Pedagogical University, Department of Zoology & Ecology, Kibalchicha str. 6, build. 3, Moscow 129164, Russia. andrei-matalin @ yandex. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7790 - 8709 & Pirogov National Research Medical University, Department of Biology, Ostrovitianova str. 1, Moscow 117997, Russia. andrei-matalin@yandex.ru Author Wiesner, Jürgen Dresdener Ring 11, D- 38444 Wolfsburg, Germany. text Zootaxa 2023 2023-03-22 5256 5 401 433 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1 journal article 235406 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.5.1 9ef45a3a-9316-46d1-9b87-5458b87c1edd 1175-5326 7758872 E5B9708E-D626-4923-825A-A9FD59AE4024 Therates fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902 Figs 1–6 , 29–32 , 50–55 , 81–87 , 115–125 , 136–151 . Therates fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902: 72 ( Type locality— Tonkin , Mouson-Gebirge). Therates fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902 — Horn 1908: 194 , 1930: 400 ; Mell 1931: 290 ; Tan 1987: 539 ; Cassola 2004: 25 . Therates fruhstorferi fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902 — Wiesner 1988: 41 , 1992: 92 , 2020: 95 ; Cassola 1985: 510 ; Lorenz 1998: 38 , 2005: 117 ; Matalin 2001: 387, 2014: 300; Werner et al. 2002: 42 ; Shook & Wiesner 2006: 20 ; Shook & Wu 2006: 53 , 2007: 68; Wu & Shook 2007: 39 , 2010: 90 ; Wu 2011: 31 ; Putchkov & Matalin 2017: 245; Wiesner et al. 2017: 40 . Therates fruhstorferi vitalisi W. Horn, 1913 — Sawada & Wiesner 1999c: 307 , 2002: 84 . Type material. LECTOTYPE , ♂ (designated here)—“ Tonkin , Montes Mauson [ = Mau So’n ], April, Mai 2–3000, H. Fruhstorfer“ [printed white label with black border]; “Type!, coll. W Horn” [printed white label with black border]; “ Fruhstorferi , mihi” [handwritten light yellow label with black border]; “ Syntypus ” [printed red label]; “Coll. W. Horn, DEI Eberswalde” [printed white label]; “ fruhstorferi , s. str. W. Horn, det. Wiesner 86” [typewritten white label]; “ DEI Müncheberg, Col—04811” [printed light green label]; “ LECTOTYPE , Therates fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902 , design. A. Matalin et J. Wiesner, 2016 ” [printed red label] ( SDEI ). PARALECTOTYPES (designated here), 4♂♂ ( DEI Müncheberg, Col—04810, 04812, 04816, 04817) 5♀♀ ( DEI Müncheberg, Col—04809, 04813, 04814, 04815, 04818)—“ Tonkin , Montes Mauson, April, Mai 2–3000, H. Fruhstorfer” [printed white label with black border]; “Type! coll. W Horn” [printed white label with black border]; “ Syntypus ” [printed red label]; “Coll. W. Horn, DEI Eberswalde” [printed white label]; “ fruhstorferi , s. str. W. Horn, det. Wiesner 86” [typewritten white label]; “ PARALECTOTYPE , Therates fruhstorferi W. Horn, 1902 , design. A. Matalin et J. Wiesner, 2016 ” [printed red label] (all SDEI ). Additional material. CHINA , Yunnan Prov. : 1♂ — Wenshan , Funing County , Hong Mu Da Shan , 1851 m , 24.VII.2006 ( XX ) ; VIETNAM , Ha Giang Prov. : 1♀ —N from Ha Giang , 500 m , 5.7.1963 , leg. O. Kabakov ( ZIN ) ; Yen Bai Prov. : 1♂ — Yen Bai , 6.2020 ( AA ); 1♀ — ibid , 8.2020 ( AA ) ; Tuyen Quang Prov. : 2♂♂ — 160 km NNW Ha Noi, NE env. of Na Hang , h = 150–200 m , 5– 10.6.1996 , leg. A Napolov & I. Roma ( AN , MSPU ); Thai Nguen Prov. : 1♂ 1♀ —mountains 50 km NO Thai Nguen , 300 m , 15.5.1963, 21.6.1963 , leg. O. Kabakov ( ZIN ); Vinh Phu Prov. : 4♂♂ 3♀♀ —mountains near Tam Dao , 900 m , 15.V.1962, 20.V.1962, 1.VII.1962, 29.VII.1962, 30.VIII.1963 , leg. O. Kabakov ( ZIN ); 3♂♂ 4♀♀ — Tam Dao , 3– 11.6.1985 , leg. Ploka & Viša ( JW ); 1♂ — ibid , 2– 11.6.1989 , leg. Kubaň ( JW ); 1♂ — ibid , 27.5– 2.6.1986 , leg. Jan Horák ( JW ); 3♂♂ 2♀♀ — ibid , 6– 10.5.1990 , leg. Jan Horák ( JW ); 3♀♀ — ibid , 12– 24.5.1989 , leg. Jan Strnad ( JW ); 2♀♀ — ibid , 6– 20.V.1990 , leg. M. Kalabza & Z. Koštál ( JW ); 1♂ — ibid , 800 m , 12.VI.1994 , leg. Sugonjaev ( ZIN ); 1♂ 4♀♀ — ibid , 25.V– 10.VI.1995 , leg. Gorochov ( ZIN ); 1♂ — ibid , 27– 28.06.2019 , leg. D. Kasatkin ( MSPU ); 2♂♂ 2♀♀ — 70 km NW Hanoi , Tam Dao , 21.27 oN 105.39 oE , 900–1200 m , 9—19.V.1996 , leg. Pacholátko & Dembický ( JW ); Ha Tay Prov. : 1♂ — 45 km W of Hanoi, Ba Vi Nat. Park , h = 1050– 1100 m , leaf-litter, 21 o 04’N 105 o 21’38’’E , 18.VI.2014 , leg. D. Fedorenko ( SIEE ) ; Phu Tho Prov. : 11♂♂ 1♀ —~ 90 km W of Hanoi , Xuan Son Nat. Park , h = 400–700 m , 21 o 07’01’’N 104 o 56’39’’E , 6– 15.VI.2014 , leg. D. Fedorenko ( SIEE , MSPU ); 3♂♂ — ibid , h = 400–470 m , 21 o 07’52’’N 104 o 57’07’’E , 6– 15.VI.2014 , leg. D. Fedorenko ( SIEE ); 2♂♂ — ibid , h = 300 m , 21 o 07’58’’N 104 o 55’45’’E , river-valley, 6– 15.VI.2014 , leg. D. Fedorenko ( SIEE ) ; Hoa Binh Prov. : 2♂♂ 1♀ — Yen Thuy distr. , Loc Thin , Cuc Phuong Nat. Park , 20 o 18’N 105 o 35’E , 3– 4.V.2002 , leg. S. Belokobylsky ( ZIN ); 2♂♂ 1♀ — ibid , 20 o 23’N 105 o 34’E , 5– 6.V.2002 , leg. S. Belokobylsky ( ZIN ) ; Thanh Hoa Prov. : 1♀ — Ban Vin env., Xuan Lien Natn. Park , h ~ 900 m , 19 o 58’45’’N 104 o 58’13’’E , 2– 11.VI.2022 , leg. D. Fedorenko ( SIEE ) ; Nghe An Prov. : 1♀ — NO Con Cuong , 400 m , 22.04.1962 , leg. O. Kabakov ( ZIN ); 2♂♂ — Que Phong distr. , Pu Hoat National Park , h = 840 m , 19 o 45’19’’N 104 o 47’47’’E , 15– 27.V.2019 , leg. D. Fedorenko ( SIEE , MSPU ) ; Ha Tinh Prov. : 1♀ — Kim Quang env., Vu Quang Natn. Park , h ~ 440 m , 18 o 16’26’’N 105 o 21’41’’E , 24.V– 1.VI.2022 , leg. D. Fedorenko ( SIEE ) ; Quang Binh Prov. : 1♂ —NW Dong Hoi , 200 m , 26.II.1963 , leg. O. Kabakov ( ZIN ); 1♂ — Minh Hoa distr. , Yen Hop env., 20.IV.1999 , leg. A. Devyatkin ( SIEE ); 1♂ 1♀ —Phong Nha-Ke Bang N.P ., Bo Trach , h ~ 400 m , 17 o 25’45’’N 106 o 14’04’’E , 12– 21.V.2022 , leg. D. Fedorenko ( SIEE , MSPU ) ; LAOS , Boli Kham Xai Prov. : 6♂♂ 7♀♀ — Ban Nape ( 8 km NE ), ~ 600 m , 18 o 21’N 105 o 08’E , 1– 18.V.2001 , P. Pacholátko leg. ( JW , MSPU ); 1♂ 3♀♀ — Ban Nape—Kaev Nua Pass , alt. 600 ± 100 m , 18 o 22.3’N 105 o 09.1’E ( GPS ), 18.4– 1.5.1998 , E. Jendek & O. Šauša leg. ( JW ; MSPU ) . FIGURES 1–14. Therates spp. , habitus: 1–6— T. fruhstorferi fruhstorferi (1–3—Vietnam, Montes Mouson; 4—Vietnam, Na Hang; 5—Vietnam, Tam Dao; 6—Laos, Ban Nape); 7, 8— T. fruhstorferi australis ssp. n. (Vietnam, Kon Ka Kinh); 9, 10— T. pseudovitalisi sp. n. (9—Laos, Bang Son Cha; 10—Laos, Ban Bun Neua); 11— T. pseudovitalisi tibetana ssp. n. (China, XiaCha-Yu); 12— T. ziyardamensis sp. n. (Myanmar, Zi Yar Dam); 13, 14— T. motoensis (China, Hanmi); 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9–13— males; 3, 6, 8, 14—females; 1, 2—lectotype; 3—paralectotype; 7, 9, 11, 12—holotypes; 8, 10—paratypes; 1, 3–14—habitus; 2—type labels. References. CHINA , Yunnan Prov. : Yongshan County , 1800 m ( Tan 1987 ) ; Zhaotong , Daguan County , 1970 m , 3.VII.1991 , Lin Su ( Shook & Wu 2007 ) ; VIETNAM , Lang Son Prov. : Than Moi ( Wiesner 1988 ) ; Cao Bang Prov. : 1 ex. —vic. Vin Den , Nui Pia Oac Nature Reserve , 22 o 33’53”N 105 o 52’53”E , 900–1300 m , 6–10.V.2013 , leg. A. Skale ; 1 ex. —vic. Tinh Tuc , Son Dong , Nui Pia Oac Nature Reserve , 22 o 37’55”N 105 o 52’98”E, 850–1300 m , 9–15.V.2014 , leg. A. Skale ; Bac Giang Prov. : 1♂— Tay Yen Tu Nature Reserve , 6 km SW Thanh Son , 21 o 10’49.8”N 106 o 43’25.62”E , 200 m , 18.V.2015 , leg. R. Gerstmeier (as T. vitalisi ) ; Phu Tho Prov. : 1♂ 8♀♀ — Xuan Son National Park , 500 m , 18–20.VI.2012 , leg. L. Bartolozzi , S. Bambi , F. Fabiano , E. Orbach ; Vinh Phuc Prov. : 2ex.1♀ —vic. Tam Dao Town , Tam Dao National Park , 21 o 27’N 105 o 38’E , 700–1000 m , 2–5.V.2013 , leg. A. Skale , A. Weigel ; 2♂♂ 1♀ — Tam Dao National Park , 950 m , 1–4.VI.2013 , leg. L. Bartolozzi , S. Bambi , F. Cianferoni , G. Mazza , E. Orbach ; 6♂♂ 1♀ — Tam Dao , 21 o 27’52”N 105 o 38’46”E , 1200 m , 9–22.VI.2014 , leg. M. Hauser and N. von Ellenrieder (all Wiesner et al. 2017 ) ; 1♀ — Tam Dao , 1100 m , 2–6.VI.1999 , leg. Ahrens , Jaeger , Fabrizzi ( Werner et al. 2002 ) ; Ha Noi City : 1♂ 1♀ — Ba Vi Dist. , Ba Vi National Park , 700 m , 21–24.VI.2012 , leg. E. Orbach ; Hoa Binh Prov. : 1♂ 1♀ — Pa Co Hang Kia Nature Reserve , 900–1200 m , 9–12.VI.2013 , leg. L. Bartolozzi , S. Bambi , F. Cianferoni , G. Mazza , E. Orbach ; Ninh Binh Prov. : 1♂— Cuc Phuong National Park , 20 o 17’34.32”N 105 o 40’03.12”E , 270 m , 22.V.2015 , leg. R. Gerstmeier (all Wiesner et al. 2017 ) ; Nghe An Prov. : Vinh ( Wiesner 1988 ) ; Thua ThienHue Prov. : 3♂♂— Bach Ma National Park , 1400 m , 16 o 12’00”N 107 o 51’00”E , 23–28.V.2014 , leg. A. Bandinelli , L. Bartolozzi , S. Bambi ( Wiesner et al. 2017 ) . Diagnosis. Most specimens of T. f. fruhstorferi are clearly distinguished from other congeners by a complete humeral lunule, distinct basal dot, medium-sized or narrow apical dot as well as by partly pale hind tibiae and tarsi ( Figs 4, 5 , 83 ). In some specimens the humeral lunule is divided on the basal and apical portions ( Fig. 85 ) or present only by the basal portion ( Figs 1, 3 , 81, 82, 84 ). Dark-coloured specimens of T. fruhstorferi ( Figs 6 , 86, 87 ) are differentiated from the similarly coloured T. ziyardamensis sp. n. ( Fig. 12 ) and T. pseudovitalisi sp. n. ( Figs 9–11 ) by the shape of aedeagus ( Figs 115–125 , 136–151 vs. Fig. 131 and Figs 132–135 , respectively) as well as by the longer hind tarsi, especially in males ( Figs 175–178 ). Redescription. TL = 9.2–12.0 mm (mean = 10.5 mm , n = 45) in males, 9.8–12.8 mm (mean = 11.5 mm , n = 43) in females. Head shining black with distinct violet reflection; orbital plates indistinctly or finely striated in posterior third; frons smooth, frontal sulci deep and slightly convergent in anterior 2/3, shallow and sharply divergent in posterior third. Mandibles brown or light-brown underside, pale-yellow in basal half of topside, with light-brown teeth and apical molar. Labial palpi pale-yellow except brown apical palpomere; maxillary palpi brown except yellowish palpomeres 1 and 2. Antennae do not extend posteriorly to the shoulders, scape pale anteriorly, brownblack posteriorly, in some females entirely dark-brown or black; antennomeres 9 and 10 with protruding downward anterior lower margins, more distinct in males ( Figs 29–32 ). Labrum varies from sub-quadrate to slightly transverse, LW/LL = 0.94–1.14 (mean = 1.05, n = 88), from dark-brown to black with large or medium-sized yellow central spot usually not extending to the border of the central apical teeth in males but to the border in females ( Figs 50–54 ), in some females central labral spot small and dark brown ( Fig. 55 ). Pronotum as wide as long, PW/PL = 0.92–1.1 (mean = 1.03, n = 88), shining black-blue with violet reflection, apical lobe slightly wider in middle part; thorax black-blue with violet reflection. Fore femora pale-yellow with brown violet-tinged posterior side and apices, middle femora pale-yellow with brown anterior side and light violet tinge, hind femora bicoloured, pale-yellow or light brown in basal half or third and black with blue tinge in apical half or 2/3; tibia often pale-yellow with brown-black apices or apical half, sometimes light brown, dark brown or even entirely black with light blue tinge; tarsomeres 1 and 2 or only tarsomere 1 of all legs in most specimens pale-yellow with brown apices, other tarsomeres dark-brown or black, in some specimens two basal tarsomeres brown with dark-brown apices and brown-black other tarsomeres, sometime only first fore and middle tarsomeres or only fore-tarsomere dark-brown while others including all hind tarsomeres black, rarely all tarsomeres black; HTbL/HTaL = 1.15–1.33 (mean = 1.22, n = 77) ( Figs 175, 176 ). Elytra indistinctly divergent towards apex; EL/EW = 1.86–2.09 (mean = 1.98, n = 71); EL/PL = 3.14–3.57 (mean = 3.37, n = 45) in males, 3.14–3.75 (mean = 3.48, n = 42) in females; brown-black or black with violet or blue-violet reflection; punctuation deep and regular between basal hump and central dot, then shallow and sparse, apical quarter virtually smooth; scutellum dark-brown or black with blue tinge, apical margin shortly cut. Elytral pattern presented by relatively large or dramatically small yellow or light brown humeral lunule complete in one specimens ( Figs 4, 5 , 83 ) or divided on basal and apical portions in others ( Fig. 85 ), sometimes apical portion undeveloped ( Figs 1, 3 , 81, 82, 84, 86, 87 ), by yellow basal dot well developed in most specimens ( Figs 1, 3–5 , 81–85 ) and barely visible to absent in others ( Figs 6 , 86, 87 ), by transverse slightly oblique central dot ( Figs 1, 3–6 , 81–87 ), as well as by narrow apical dot along elytral margin ( Figs 3–5 , 83, 85 ), in some specimens only by thin yellow, yellow-brown ( Figs 1 , 81, 82, 84, 87 ) or rarely dark-brown ( Figs 6 , 86 ) apical edge. Aedeagus in most specimens with moderately long and narrow slightly sinuate rounded apex ( Figs 115–118, 120–125 , 136, 137, 139, 141–149, 151 ), in some specimens with very thin ( Fig. 150 ) or dramatically short blunt apex ( Figs 119 , 138, 140 ) without lateral carinae; AL = 2.4–3.0 mm (mean = 2.67, n = 40), EL/AL = 2.19–2.68 mm (mean = 2.47, n = 40). Distribution. CHINA : Yunnan Province ; VIETNAM : Lang Son , Cao Bang , Ha Giang , Yen Bai , Bac Giang , Tuyen Quang , Thai Nguen, Vinh Phu, Ha Tay, Phu Tho , Ha Noi City, Hoa Binh , Thanh Hoa , Ninh Binh , Nghe An , Ha Tinh , Quang Binh , Thua Thien-Hue Provinces; LAOS : Bolikhamsai Province ( Fig. 184 ).