The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda Author Cowie, Robert H. text Zootaxa 2015 3940 1 1 92 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1 5013eaff-bb37-4be3-a1ea-43c11d0cf5d1 1175-5326 288204 B5D45D1B-4B52-4F0B-8AF6-B587F8857475 nevilliana Pachylabra nevilliana Annandale & Prashad, 1921 : 11 , figs. 1b, 2. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: NZSI 11864/2; possible paratypes : NZSI 25078/5 (5 spms.). Type locality —“ Tranquebar , which is on the east coast of Southern India ”. Distribution —known only from the type locality ( Subba Rao 1989 : 59 ). Remarks . The holotype is the shell figured as “the type-shell” by Annandale & Prashad (1921: fig. 2) . However, the number of specimens in the type series is unclear. The description was based solely on the shells of Nevill, who noted 8 ( Nevill 1877: 5 ) and 9 ( Nevill 1885: 4 ) specimens (the reason for the discrepancy is unknown). Annandale & Prashad (1921: 11, 12) reported the “type-specimens” as NZSI M 11864 /2 but gave measurements for only 3 shells. On this basis, the original type series contained at least 3 and up to 9 specimens ; some of Nevill’s original shells may have been lost. However, this type lot now only contains one shell, treated in the NZSI as the holotype . There are 5 specimens in NZSI 25078/5, labelled as paratypes . It is possible that these were subsequently separated from the original type series, so that there are now 6 known type (or possible type ) specimens and the additional 2 or 3 specimens noted by Nevill appear lost. Nevill was of the opinion that the “[ type ] locality could only be accepted with considerable reserve” ( Annandale & Prashad 1921: 12 ), although Annandale & Prashad seemed not to have shared this doubt. Pila , teste Subba Rao (1989 : 59). nigricans Ampullaria nigricans G.B. Sowerby III, 1910: 60, 63, text fig. Type material — syntype : NHMUK 1910.9.30.1 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Buddhu, Uganda , 4000 feet ”. Remarks . Synonym or infra-subspecific form of ovata Olivier , teste Mandahl-Barth (1954: 41) . Synonym of ovata Olivier , teste Pain (1952: 287; as “ nigriscens ”), who stated that “Sowerby’s holotype ” was in the British Museum. nux Ampullaria nux Reeve, 1856e : pl. 28, figs. 132a, b. Type material — syntypes : NHMUK 20020693 (3 spms.). Type locality —“ Bombay ”. Remarks . Berthold (1991: 10, fig. 14) illustrated a specimen he considered to be the “ Holotypus ”. However, there are three specimens in the type series, which precludes the assumption of holotype ( Code , Rec 73F), and nor does Berthold’s action constitute lectotype fixation as it does not fulfil the requirements of the Code (Arts. 74.5, 74.6). Type species of Turbinicola , which was synonymized with Pila by Berthold (1991: 202) . Only known from small streams near Khandalla and Igatpuri (Poona and Nasik districts) in the Western Ghats from altitudes between 2500 and 3000 feet ( Annandale & Prashad 1921: 11 ). Valid species in Pila , teste Preston (1915: 99) . Synonym of saxea Reeve , teste Prashad (1923 : 591, 1925: 87) and Subba Rao (1989 : 61), followed here. + nyanzae Ampullaria nyanzae Smith, 1892 : 382 . Type material — lectotype ( Pain 1961: 15 ): NMW.Z.1981.118.00514; paralectotype : NMW.Z.1981.118.00119; possible paralectotype : NHMUK 1892.8.27. Type locality —“A creek, commonly called Jordan’s Nullah, at the south end of the lake” [i.e. Victoria Nyanza (in publication title); = Lake Victoria]. Distribution —Lake Victoria ( Pain 1952: 290, 1961: 15; Brown 1980 : 45 , 1994: 54). Remarks . The type series consisted of three specimens (NHMUK 1892.8.27.1–3), but a note in the NHMUK collection (by F. Naggs, 12 October 1993 ) states that two of these were stolen. The one remaining shell is the one illustrated by Brown (1980 ; fig. 23a, 1994; fig. 23a). Pain (1951: 230) noted that a specimen in the NHMUK marked as Smith’s “ type ” was in fact not the holotype , which he therefore stated was lost. Nonetheless, on obtaining a shell of nyanzae from the Sowerby collection, labelled as from Lake Victoria and collected by E. C. Gordon, the collector of Smith’s material, Pain (1951: 230) designated this specimen as the “ neotype and possible holotype ” as it “fits the original description extremely well”. His designation of this specimen as a neotype was not valid, not only because it was not deposited immediately on publication in a recognized scientific or educational institution but also as it did not clearly fulfil the other requirements of the Code (Art. 75). This specimen is now NMW.Z.1981.118.00514. Pain (1961: 15) subsequently designated a “ lectotype ”, presumably the same specimen he had formerly designated as the neotype , with the measurements given (see also Pain 1952: 290, 1961: 15) being identical to those of Smith (1892: 382) . It is probably Smith’s original measured specimen; it matches his measurements closely except for the width, which is 10 mm less, perhaps an error by Smith, repeated by Pain . Pain (1961 : 15) also noted a “ syntype ”, also from the type locality; this specimen (NMW.Z.1981.118.00119) is that illustrated by Pain (1951: pl. 28, fig. 3) (H. Wood pers. comm. 15 October 2013 ) and Kobelt (1912b: pl. 30a, fig. 1). Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 60). Race, subspecies or form of ovata Olivier , in Pila , teste Pain (1952: 290, 1961: 15), Mandahl-Barth (1954: 45) and Brown (1980 : 45, 1994: 54), followed here.