Four new genera of Heteropodinae Thorell, 1873 from Malaysia, Brunei and Papua New Guinea (Araneae: Sparassidae)
Author
Grall, Elena
0000-0002-8938-4105
Arachnology, Senckenberg Research Institute, Mertonstrasse 17 - 21, 60325 Frankfurt. & Institute of Ecology, Diversity and Evolution, Campus Riedberg, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; elena. grall @ senckenberg. de, https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8938 - 4105
Author
Jäger, Peter
0000-0003-1563-0147
Arachnology, Senckenberg Research Institute, Mertonstrasse 17 - 21, 60325 Frankfurt. & peter. jaeger @ senckenberg. de, https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1563 - 0147
text
Zootaxa
2022
2022-07-27
5169
1
1
25
journal article
106789
10.11646/zootaxa.5169.1.1
b76236d0-0336-4d17-804a-80f0344b097e
1175-5326
6911151
3CB49021-90C5-46F0-AAAF-619EE8068F42
Borniella
gen. nov.
Figs 1–16
,
82–85
,
98
Type
species.
Borniella parva
spec. nov.
Etymology.
The generic name is derived from the name of the island Borneo, where the
type
species was recorded. The gender is feminine.
Diagnosis.
Males can be distinguished from other genera of the
Heteropodinae
by the RTA proximally arising from palpal tibia in combination with the presence of three tegular apophyses and the absence of an embolic apophysis (present in most
Sinopoda
species
) (
Figs 1–3
). Females are similar to those of
Sinopoda
and
Menarik
gen. nov.
in having a medially fused internal duct system with anteriorly situated glandular appendages (
Figs 4–7
) but can be distinguished from
Menarik
gen. nov.
by lobal septum present with two separate copulatory openings (septum absent and with copulatory atrium in
Menarik
gen. nov.
,
Figs 23–26
); from
Sinopoda
by 1. Copulatory openings distinctly separated from epigynal pockets, those latter developed as shallow pockets only in anterior half, but as rims only in posterior half, and 2. Connecting ducts between anterior and posterior part of internal duct system not freely visible in dorsal view, but running ventrally and hidden behind internal structures (copulatory openings always connected directly or indirectly with epigynal pockets or connecting rims and connecting part of internal duct system distinctly visible in dorsal view, i.e. such internal structures absent in
Sinopoda
species
).
Notes.
Within the genus
Sinopoda
there is a huge range of variation in the female copulatory organ (for example in
S. chiangmaiensis
Grall & Jäger, 2020
or
S. scurion
Jäger, 2012
). In contrast, the male palps show only little variation of the ground pattern. In males of all
Sinopoda
species
described so far, the RTA arises from tibia distally and it is divided into a dorsal and ventral branch (exceptions are few species of the
okinawana
-group). This is true even for species with uncommon female copulatory organs like
S. arboricola
Grall & Jäger, 2020
or
S. scurion
Jäger, 2012
. Additionally, the embolus possesses a distinct apophysis in almost all
Sinopoda
spp.
In those species of the
okinawana
-group with emboli without such an apophysis, the RTA arises distally from the tibia, and the embolus arises from tegulum in a much more proximal position, and the tegulum lacks any additional apophysis. Females are in fact superficially similar to those of the genus
Sinopoda
, but functional epigynal pockets are situated in this new genus exclusively in the anterior half. In
Sinopoda
spp.
, in contrast, functional epigynal pockets are longer, running from postero-lateral to antero-medial (in most of the species). In any case the copulatory opening is situated in the pockets and not visible in ventral view as in the new genus.
Description.
See description of
type
species.
Distribution.
Northern Borneo (
Malaysia
:
Sarawak
;
Brunei
) (
Fig. 98
: green circles).
Species included.
Only the
type
species.