Ichthyodiversity in southeastern Arabian Peninsula: Annotated checklist taxonomy, short description and distribution of Inland fishes of Oman Author Esmaeili, Hamid Reza 0000-0002-9736-397X hresmaeili @ shirazu. ac. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9736 - 397 X hresmaeili@shirazu.ac.ir Author Jufaili, Saud Al 0000-0002-0930-5754 Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O Box 34 Al Khod 123 Muscat, Oman. sjufaily @ squ. edu. om; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0930 - 5754 sjufaily@squ.edu.om Author Masoumi, Amir Hassan 0000-0003-3509-2964 amirhassanmasoomi @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3509 - 2964 amirhassanmasoomi@gmail.com Author Zarei, Fatah 0000-0001-5552-4301 fataahzarei @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5552 - 4301 fataahzarei@gmail.com text Zootaxa 2022 2022-05-12 5134 4 451 503 journal article 55549 10.11646/zootaxa.5134.4.1 aa696fc1-e783-4df4-b960-24dfeca95570 1175-5326 6541567 47796EB6-B7FE-4442-AED3-E664DCC9A9B4 12. Ophiocara porocephala (Valenciennes, 1837) , Native Fig. 32 Etymology: The Greek, ophis = serpent, kara = face; porocephala : refers to the snout shape. Common name: Spangled Gudgeon, Northern Mud Gudgeon. Taxonomy: Eleotris porocephala was originally described by Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1837:237 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 12] from Seychelles . FIGURE 32. Ophiocara porocephala , Oman: Jaunuf. Lectotype : MNHN 2020-0477 . Paralectotypes : MNHN A-1573 (4) Seychelles , MNHN A-1574 (2) New Ireland . Synonyms: Eleotris porocephala Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837 , Hist. Nat. Poiss., v. 12: 237. Eleotris ophicephalus Valenciennes (ex Kuhl and Van Hasselt) in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837 , Hist.Nat. Poiss., v. 12: 239. Eleotris madagascariensis Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1837 , Hist. Nat. Poiss., v. 12: 240. Eleotris viridis Bleeker, 1849 , Verh. Batav.Genootsch. Kunst. Wet., v. 22: 22. Eleotris kuak Montrouzier, 1857 , Ann. Soc. Imp. Agric. Hist. Nat. Lyon, v. 8 (1856): 465. Short description: Body stout, cylindrical; head dorsally flattened; anterior nostril long reaching lower margin of upper lip; mouth large, length of upper jaw 12.3–15.8% SL; posterior end of maxillary extending to below central to posterior part of eye; gill opening extending beyond the posterior end of urohyal; teeth inwardly curved, thickly set on both jaws, large on outer row and anterior part of inner row of upper jaw, and large on anterior part of outer row and posterior part of inner row of lower jaw; two separate dorsal fins (D VI; I, 8–9); pectoral fins rounded (P 14–16); ventral fins separate; anal fin (A I, 7–8); caudal fin rounded (C 17); scales large, cycloid from snout to posterior part of head, mixed with ctenoid posteriorly to beginning of dorsal fin; ctenoid to eye on lateral side of head and to base of pelvic fins; lateral line absent; 33–37 mid-lateral scales; 12–14 horizontal scale rows; 18–26 predorsal scales; gill rakers 11–13; vertebrae 26 (rarely 27). General distribution: Indian Ocean: South Africa , East Africa, Seychelles , Madagascar and western Mascarenes east western Sumatra , southern Java and southern Bali ( Indonesia ). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine. Distribution in Oman : Janouf, Dhofar Governorate ( Fig. 33 ). Comments: Kottelat (2013: 394) used the combination Ophiocara ophicephalus recognizing as first reviser Günther (1861: 107) who gave precedence to ophicephalus over porocephala . Treated as O. porocephala by Larson et al. (2017) and by an overwhelming number of ichthyologists in recent and past literature. The taxonomy of this species has never been reviewed and it may represent more than one species (see Parenti 2021 ). Examined material: ZM-CBSU: O015. Op 101, 4, Oman : Janouf , 17°02ʹ03ʹʹN , 54°16ʹ59ʹʹE , Al-Jufaili, Nov. 2020 .