Oreocharis qianyuensis, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Southwest, China based on morphological and molecular evidence Author Yang, Jia-Wen Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China Author Qin, Xin-Mei Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China Author Xu, Jian Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China Author Li, Cong-Rui Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China Author Ren, Qi-Fei Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China Author Yuan, Mao-Qin Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China Author Zhang, Qiang Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China Author Yi, Si-Rong Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, China yisirong123@aliyun.com Author Cai, Lei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9251-2745 Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China cailei@mail.kib.ac.cn text PhytoKeys 2022 2022-11-15 213 119 130 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.213.84349 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.213.84349 1314-2003-213-119 31F1102ACF0B5680B8EAE6460CD312CB Oreocharis qianyuensis Lei Cai, J.W.Yang & Q.Zhang sp. nov. Figs 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 Diagnosis. The new species is morphologically most similar to Oreocharis fargesii (Franch.) Mich. Moeller & A. Weber and O. nanchuanica (K.Y. Pan & Z.Y. Liu) Mich. Moeller & A. Weber in the color, shape and structure of flowers, but differs from the latter two in its inconspicuously petiolate, obovate to flabellate leaf blade with adaxially surface sparsely rust-brown pubescent to glabrescent, abaxially densely rust-brown villous, apex rounded, base extending downward into a wing shape, margin crenate, and the peduncle and pedicel densely glandular pubescent. A comparison of morphological differences between the related species is provided in Table 1 . Table 1. Morphological comparison among Oreocharis qianyuensis sp. nov., O. fargesii and O. nanchuanica .

Characters	O. qianyuensis	O. fargesii	O. nanchuanica
Leaf blade	obovate to flabellate, adaxially sparsely rust-brown pubescent to glabrescent	obovate to narrowly oblong, sometimes oblique, adaxially appressed puberulent-strigillose	ovate, adaxially appressed gray puberulent
apex	rounded, obtuse to nearly truncate	rounded to obtuse	acute
margin	crenate	serrate near apex	serrate
base	extends downward forming a wing	cuneate	cordate
Peduncle indumentum	rust-brown villous and densely glandular pubescent	rust-brown villous, glabrescent	brown puberulent and glandular puberulent
Petiole and indumentum	almost invisible	to 1.5 cm long, rust-brown villous	to 8.3 cm long, brown pubescent
Bract indumentum	rust-brown villous	rust-brown villous	brown puberulent
Pedicel indumentum	rust-brown villous and glandular pubescent	rust-brown villous, glabrescent	brown puberulent and glandular puberulent
Calyx lobes	lanceolate triangle, margin denticulate	lanceolate to triangular, margin entire	lanceolate, margin entire
Corolla tube	campanulate, not constricted at throat	campanulate, not constricted at throat	urceolate, constricted at throat
Staminode	ca. 0.5 mm long	ca. 2 mm long	ca. 0.7 mm long

Type . China , Guizhou Province : Kaili City , Dafengdong Town , Shuangjiangkou Village , Taiyanghe , 26°42'30"N , 107°49'32"E , elev. ca. 845 m , on the surfaces of rocks under the thicket, in flowering, 15 July 2020 , Jia-Wen Yang et al. CL2020247 ( Holotype : KUN!; Isotypes: KUN!, P!) . Description. Perennial herb, rhizome short. Leaves 4-7, basal; without petiole or extremely inconspicuous petiole, leaf blade obovate to flabellate, 3.0-12 x 2.0-8.5 cm, adaxially sparsely rust-brown pubescent to glabrescent, abaxially rust-brown villous, densely along veins, lateral veins 3-6 on each side of midrib, apex rounded, obtuse to nearly truncate, base extends downward into wing shape, basally enclosed with dense and long rust-brown villous tuft, margin crenate. Cymes axillary 2-5, 2-12-flowered per inflorescence; peduncle 4.5-14 cm long, cover with rust-brown villous and densely glandular pubescent, basally enclosed with dense and long rust-brown villous tuft; bracts 2, linear triangle to lanceolate, margin entire, 3.0-4.5 x 1.6-2.0 mm, outside rust-brown villous; pedicel 2.0-5.0 cm long, densely glandular pubescent. Calyx 5-parted to base, lobes equal, lanceolate triangle, 3.0-5.0 x 1.0-1.4 mm, margin denticulate, outside rust-brown villous, inside glabrous. Corolla brownish red to dark purple, 7-12 mm long, outside and inside glabrous, tube campanulate, 5-8 mm long, 4.5-5.5 mm in diameter at the widest position; limb 2-lipped; adaxial lip 2-lobed from the middle, lobes semiorbicular, 3.5-4.5 x 2.5-3 mm, abaxial lip 3-lobed to base, lobes semiorbicular, 4-4.5 x 3-3.5 mm. Stamens 4, 4.5-6 mm long, adnate to corolla 2-2.5 mm from base; filaments linear, glabrous; anthers broadly ovate, 2-loculed, coherent in pairs, connective glabrous; staminode 1,ca. 0.5 mm long, inserted ca. 1 mm from base. Disc 1-1.5 mm high, yellow, margin undulate. Pistil 5-8 mm long; ovary long cylindrical, glabrous, 3.0-4.5 mm long; style ca. 2.0-3.5 mm long, glabrous; stigma orbicular, emarginate in the middle, slight bilobed when dry. Capsule linear, glabrous, 2.0-2.8 cm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, dehiscing predominantly on one side. Figure 2. Oreocharis qianyuensis sp. nov. A habit B front view of a flower C side view of a flower D opened corolla showing stamens and staminode E pistil with disc and calyx F old fruit. Drawn by Xuan-Lin Zhu. Figure 3. Oreocharis qianyuensis sp. nov. (Population in Guizhou) A, C habitat B, D plants with flowers. Figure 4. Oreocharis qianyuensis sp. nov. (Population in Guizhou) A, B inflorescence C top view of flower D side view of flower E, F front view of flowers G young fruit, pistil with disc and calyx, opened corolla showing stamens and staminode H pistil with disc and calyx I opened corolla showing stamens and staminode J old fruit. Figure 5. Oreocharis qianyuensis sp. nov. (Population in Chongqing) A habit B plant with flowers C leaves D pilose tuft E opened corolla with stamens and staminode F pistil and disc G calyx with pistil H infructescence. Phenology. Flowering from July to August in Guizhou and from September to October in Chongqing; time of fruiting unknown. Etymology. The specific epithet ' Oreocharis qianyuensis ' refers to the known distribution at the time of publication in Guizhou and Chongqing in China. Qian is an alternative name for Guizhou and Yu is an alternative name for Chongqing. Vernacular name. The Chinese name of the new species is "Qian Yu Ma Ling Ju Tai" (黔渝马铃苣苔). The first two characters mean this species is distributed in Guizhou and Chongqing, and the last four characters represent the Chinese name of the genus Oreocharis . Distribution and conservation status. Oreocharis qianyuensis was observed to grow on the surfaces of rocks under forest in karst region in Kaili City, Guizhou, and on limestone rock surface or crevices under deciduous forests in Pengshui County, Chongqing. The species is currently known from one population of ca. 2000 individuals within 5500 m2 (AOO) in Guizhou and one population of ca. 300 individuals within 1000 m2 (AOO) in Chongqing. Since no special surveys were carried out for its distribution, and the threat is that the population is close to roadside in Guizhou and possible continuous drought in Chongqing, so it is very likely to be damaged or excavated, so this species was provisionally considered to be Endangered [EN B2ab(iii)] in terms of IUCN Red List categories and criteria ( IUCN 2022 ). Specimens examined. China . Chongqing : Pengshui County , Hanjia Town , on rock walls, 29°1'90.94"N, 108°13'23.16"E , elev. 290 m , 4 October 2021 , Si-Rong Yi YSR9297 ( Paratypes : IBK!) .