New species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae), with a key for the species of the megacantha clade Author Norrbom, Allen L. Author Korytkowski, Cheslavo A. text Zootaxa 2012 3478 510 552 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.282325 8aded192-5c1f-42cf-943f-0f173abc3d85 1175-5326 282325 Anastrepha neogigantea , new species Figs. 4 , 17, 18 , 35 , 55 , 76 , 90 Anastrepha neogigantea Korytkowski 1997 : 21 , 39 [ nomen nudum ; in list, in key]; 2004: 21, 43 [ nomen nudum ; in list; in key]. Diagnosis. Anastrepha neogigantea differs from most other species of Anastrepha in having the facial carina produced and convex near its midheight, a complete S-band that is broadly fused to the C-band along the costa with no distinct marginal hyaline mark in cell r1, and the V-band complete. It differs from all other species of Anastrepha except A. intermedia in having uneven setation of the palpus, a flattened preapical expansion on the male arista, and the complex shape of the lateral surstylus. It differs from A. intermedia in having the V-band incomplete and much longer terminalia, from A. gigantea Stone , which has a similar facial carina and wing pattern, in having the V-band separate from the S-band, and from both species in mesonotal microtrichial pattern (scutum microtrichose except for pair of vittae, and scutellum entirely nonmicrotrichose). The area distal to the apex of vein R1 sometimes has an isolated hyaline spot, but it does not reach the costa. Anastrepha neogigantea differs from species of the grandis group, which also lack a hyaline mark distal to the apex of vein R1, in having the distal arm of the V-band complete. Description. Mostly yellow to orange, with white to pale yellow markings. Setae dark red brown to black. Head ( Figs. 17–18 ): Yellow to orange except ocellar tubercle brown. 2–4 frontal setae; 2 orbital setae, posterior seta well developed. Ocellar seta weak, at most 1.5 times as long as ocellar tubercle. Facial carina, in profile, strongly produced and convex near midheight. Antenna not extended to ventral facial margin. Female arista filiform; male arista with short triangular preapical expansion. Palpus in lateral view parallel-sided or slightly expanded on apical half, truncate or slightly rounded apically, unevenly setulose, with subapical ventral area with denser and some larger setulae, apical bare area, and 2–3 larger marginal apical setulae. Thorax: Mostly yellow to orange, without brown markings, with following areas white to pale yellow: postpronotal lobe and lateral margin of scutum bordering it, not extending onto notopleuron; medial scutal vitta, slender except posteriorly slightly expanded and rounded, extended laterally to or slightly beyond acrostichal seta; sublateral scutal vitta from transverse suture to posterior margin, including base of intra-alar seta; entire scutellum; dorsal margins of anepisternum and katepisternum; katepimeron; and most of anatergite and katatergite. Subscutellum and mediotergite entirely orange. Mesonotum 4.63–4.78 mm long. Postpronotal lobe and notopleuron microtrichose; scutum microtrichose except for 2 pairs of vittae, submedial vitta slightly lateral to acrostichal line extending from anterior margin to one-third to two-fifths distance from transverse suture to posterior margin, sometimes interrupted at transverse suture, and sublateral postsutural vitta between dorsocentral and intra-alar lines; scutellum entirely nonmicrotrichose; scutal setulae yellowish anteromedially, pale brownish posteriorly and laterally. Chaetotaxy typical for genus. Anepimeral seta relatively weak. Katepisternal seta weak, at most three-fifths length as long as anepisternal seta, but much weaker, yellowish to orange. Legs: Entirely yellow to orange. Wing ( Fig. 35 ): Length 11.87–12.13 mm , width 4.00– 4.47 mm , ratio 2.71–2.97. Apex of vein R1 at 0.60–0.62 wing length, aligned with or slightly distal to level of anterior end of crossvein r–m. Cell c 1.04–1.10 times as long as pterostigma; pterostigma 5.90–6.74 times as long as wide. Vein R2+3 not sinuous. Crossvein r–m at 0.65–0.68 distance from bm–cu to dm–cu on vein M. Vein M moderately curved apically; cell r4+5 1.04–1.06 times as wide at apex as at level of dm–cu. Cell bcu with distal lobe moderately long, length of bcu 1.67–1.71 times as long as anterior margin, lobe 0.90–0.93 times as long as vein A1+Cu2. Wing pattern mostly orange and orange brown. Cband mostly orange, pterostigma orange brown, cell br with streak of brown. C-band and S-band extremely broadly connected between costa and vein R4+5; sometimes ( 2 females ) with small hyaline spot medially or in posterior half of cell r1 aligned with apex of vein R1, but cell r1 without distinct marginal hyaline area distal to apex of vein R1. Hyaline area in cell br large and elongate, reaching or narrowly separated from vein R4+5 and 2.0 times as long as distal colored area of cell; cell dm with basal hyaline area moderately large. Basal half of S-band mostly orange, posterodistal margin, broadly in cell cu1, without or with weak incision in cell cu1, anterobasal margin except in cell dm narrowly orange brown to moderate brown; distal half orange, orange brown to moderate brown apically in cells r4+5 and m, broad, at apex of vein R2+3 0.77–0.86 times width of cell r2+3, usually broadening along vein R4+5, separated from apex of vein M; hyaline area proximal to apex of band extending to or almost to vein R2+3. V-band incomplete; proximal arm mostly orange brown to moderate brown, sometimes fading anteriorly in cell r4+5, separate from S-band anteriorly, on posterior margin with faint, diffuse proximal extension half distance to vein A1+Cu2; distal arm extended to or almost to vein R4+5, narrowly separated from proximal arm anteriorly. Abdomen: Mostly orange, without brown markings. Setulae mostly yellow to orange, darker on margins. Male terminalia: Lateral surstylus relatively short, extended beyond prensisetae by ca. 1.25 times length of prensiseta; complex, in lateral view thin but folded, subbasally with strong acute ridge on anterior margin curving posteriorly and extending to about midlength, and with second acute ridge beginning near midlength on anterior margin, curving to posterior margin and back to anterior margin apically; in posterior view clearly delimited basally from epandrium, broad, on basal half with lateral margin evenly convex, extending mesally to form ridge, crossed by more distal and posterior ridge forming lateral margin distally, convex then strongly concave; mesal margin gradually convex. Proctiger with ventral and lateral sclerotized areas connected but lateral areas separate dorsally. Phallus 12.8 mm long, 2.71 times as long as mesonotum; glans 0.75 mm long. Female terminalia: Oviscape 7.92–8.02 mm long, 1.66–1.73 times as long as mesonotum, straight in lateral view, entirely yellow to orange; spiracle at basal 0.22–0.25. Eversible membrane ( Fig. 55 ) with 30–40 short stout denticles and ca. 80 medium length hooklike dorsobasal denticles in 8–10 V-shaped rows in broad subtriangular pattern. Aculeus ( Fig. 76 ) ventrally curved in lateral view, 7.92 mm long, as long as oviscape, in ventral view base moderately expanded, 0.26 mm wide; shaft 0.175 mm wide at midlength; tip ( Fig. 90 ) 0.50–0.52 mm long, 0.07 times aculeus length, 0.14 mm wide, 3.57 times as long as wide, parallel-sided, then triangular, gradually tapered to blunt apex, nonserrate, 0.097 mm wide in lateral view, 0.69 times ventral width. Spermathecae elongate ovoid. Distribution. Anastrepha neogigantea is known only from Ecuador and Venezuela . Biology. The host plants and other aspects of the biology of this species are unknown. Type data. Holotype Ƥ (deposited in trust at USNM for eventual deposit in EPNE , USNMENT 00054798), ECUADOR : Orellana: Reserva Etnica Waorani, Onkone Gare Camp, 1 km S, Transect Ent., 0°39'10"S 76°26'W , transect 10, station 4, 220 m , insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, 6 Jul 1995 , T. L. Erwin et al. Project MAXUS Lot 1124. Paratypes : ECUADOR : Orellana: Reserva Etnica Waorani, Onkone Gare Camp, 1 km S, Transect Ent., 0°39'10"S 76°26'W , 10 x-trans, 29m mark, 220 m , insecticidal fogging, terra firme forest, 29 Jun 1994 , T. L. Erwin et al. Project MAXUS Lot 742, 1Ƥ ( USNM USNMENT 00053499); same, transect 7, station 3, 2 Jul 1995 , Lot 1063, 13 ( USNM USNMENT 00054540); same, transect 9, station 10, 23 Jun 1996 , Lot 1610, 1Ƥ ( USNM USNMENT 00054815). VENEZUELA , without additional data, 1Ƥ ( MEUP ). Etymology. The name of this species is an adjective formed from the Greek neos, meaning new, and the name of a possibly closely related species, A. gigantea Stone. Comments. See Comments for A. intermedia .