A monograph of the Anisophylleaceae (Cucurbitales) with description of 18 new species of Anisophyllea Author Chen, Xin Author He, Hai Author Zhang, Li-Bing 1 Department of Botany, College of Boology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd., Xuanwu Qu, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China 2 College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400047, P. R. China 3 Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166 - 0299, U. S. A. and Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China * Authors for correspondence: e-mails: hehaicq @ yahoo. com; libing. zhang @ mobot. org hehaicq@yahoo.com text Phytotaxa 2015 2015-10-02 229 1 448 450 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.229.1.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.229.1.1 1179-3163 13632375 2. Anisophyllea bakoensis Li Bing Zhang, Xin Chen & H.He , sp. nov. ( Figure 4 ) Type :— MALAYSIA . Sarawak : Kuching , Bako National Park , 23 April 1959 , J . Carrick & I . C . Enoch 90 ( holotype L-0520545!) . 16 • Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press CHEN ET AL. FIGURE 4. Anisophyllea bakoensis Li Bing Zhang, Xin Chen & H.He ( Carrick & Enoch 90 ; holotype, L-0520545). —A. Flowering branch. —B. Flower. —C. Petal. —D. Episepalous stamen. —E. Epipetalous stamen. —F. Styles and disk (B–D drawn by Yueyang Wang & Fang Cui). MONOGRAPH OF ANISOPHYLLEACEAE Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 17 Diagnosis:— Anisophyllea bakoensis is most similar to A. griffithii in having flowers bisexual and sessile and young branches and buds pannose or manicate, but the former has petioles 6–8 mm long (vs. to 3 mm long in A. griffithii ), young branches manicate with hairs to ca. 0.1 mm long (vs. pannose with appressed hairs ca. 0.16 mm long in A. griffithii ) and without erect or ascending longer hairs (vs. with erect or ascending hairs to 0.6 mm long in A. griffithii ). Trees (?); young branches and buds densely manicate with yellowish tortuous hairs ca. 0.16 mm long. Leaves dimorphic, internodes between similar types of leaves 0.4–1.0 cm, between two adjacent different types of leaves 0–3 mm ; small leaves caducous, only leaving small scars on young branches; large leaves petiolate, petiole 6–8 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diam., densely manicate; leaf blade lanceolate or elliptic, to 7 cm long, 2.3 cm wide, base obliquely cuneate, apex acuminate with tips ca. 0.7 cm long, thinly coriaceous, yellowish-brown when dry adaxially, glabrous on both surfaces; main longitudinal veins 5, springing from blade base, midrib straight and bold, impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, lateral main veins close to blade margins, outermost two veins often disappearing into blade margins; transverse veins from midrib curved toward blade apex, as conspicuous as lateral main veins and resulting a ±pinnate-like venation; veinlets reticulate, slightly prominent on both surfaces. Inflorescence a supra-axillary spike, solitary or in 2–3 serials; rachis to 2.5 mm long, 0.6 mm in diam., remotely with flowers (floral internodes 1.3–3.2 mm distant); bracts deltoid, ca. 0.5 mm long, 0.3 mm wide; flower buds obovoid, to 1.6 mm long, 1.1 mm in diam.; rachis, bracts and flower buds all densely manicate with brownish hairs ca. 0.1 mm long; flowers bisexual, 4-merous, sessile, 3.68–5.00 mm long, manicate outside; receptacle 3.0– 3.2 mm long, 2.2–2.8 mm in diam.; sepals deltoid, 1.6–2.0 mm long, 1.5 mm wide at base, sparsely manicate abaxially; petals oblong, fleshy, entire or emarginated at apex, ca. 1.3 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, glabrous; stamens 8, episepalous 4 fertile, ca. 1.34 mm long, filaments fleshy, linearly oblong, anthers sub-globose, ca. 0.2 mm long, epipetalous 4 sterile and much shorter, connate with petals to ca. 0.5 mm above base, 1.3 mm long; disk obscure; styles 4, free, erect, 1.3 mm long, base clavate and pubescent, ca. 0.25 mm in diam., distally attenuate, pubescent. Fruits unknown. Flowering and fruiting: —Flowering in April; fruiting time unknown. Habitat and distribution: — In lowland forests; ca. 100 m . Malaysia (Sarawak) ( Figure 5 ) . FIGURE 5. Geographical distribution of Anisophyllea bakoensis Li Bing Zhang, Xin Chen & H.He. 18 • Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press CHEN ET AL. Taxonomic notes: — Anisophyllea bakoensis is most similar to A. griffithii , from which it distinguishes by its longer petioles, its young branches and buds manicate with shorter hairs only, and its much larger flowers (3.6–5.00 mm long in this new species vs. less than 3.2 mm long in A. griffithii ). It is also similar to A. beccariana , from which it differs in having unisexual and pedicellate male flowers, glabrous young branches and buds, and much smaller flowers. Besides, A. bakoensis shares some vegetative similarities with A. penninervata , an endemic species in Vietnam , which however has polygamous flowers with petals usually 5-laciniate. The epithet bakoensis is from the name of Bako National Park in Kuching, Sarawak , where the type specimen was collected. It is only known from the type locality. Further field work is needed to evaluate its conservation status.