The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide Author Gravili, Cinzia Author Vito, Doris De Author Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di Author Martell, Luis Author Piraino, Stefano Author Boero, Ferdinando text Zootaxa 2015 3908 1 1 187 journal article 42365 10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1 6f1d1977-6b97-4789-828c-76ed250cf1ae 1175-5326 242729 D6AD2B49-170B-4D9C-84AA-DBE0FEEAD8BE Amphinema dinema (Péron and Lesueur, 1810) Fig. 29 A, B See Schuchert (2007) for a complete synonymy. FIGURE 29. Amphinema dinema : A , portion of a hydroid colony with medusa bud; B , medusa (A, B same scale bar) (drawn by C.G. Di Camillo). Scale bar: A. B, 4.0 mm Material examined. HCUS-S 0 34 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula)—polyp stage. Description (based on our own observations; Rees & Russell 1937 ; Russell 1953 ; Schuchert 2007, 2012): Hydroid. Hydrorhiza as creeping stolons; colony stolonal; hydrocaulus longer than hydranth, unbranched, covered by thin perisarc, often covered by detritus, extending to the base of the hydranth, distal perisarc margin indistinct, basal perisarc with or without annulations; hydranths fusiform, hypostome rounded-conical; with 8–14 amphicoronate filiform tentacles in one whorl; medusa buds ovoid to pyriform, enclosed in thin perisarc membrane, borne singly on short pedicel arising from hydrorhiza. Colour: hydranth bright orange-red. Habitat type . Posidonia , depth range 0.5– 20 m ( Boero 1981a , b ; Boero & Fresi 1986 ), and on several substrates. Substrate. Eudendrium glomeratum (Hydrozoa) , Sertularella crassicaulis (Hydrozoa) , Cellaria fistulosa (Bryozoa) and dead colonies of Bryozoa, gorgonians, Posidonia rhizomes, algae, sponges, barnacles. Seasonality. In the Mediterranean Sea from January to December ( Boero & Fresi 1986; this study ). Reproductive period. In the Tyrrhenian Sea ( Brinckmann-Voss 1987 ), fertile colonies occur from May to August. Medusa. Adult. Bell slightly higher than wide, up to 4 mm wide and 6 mm high, mesoglea of uniform thickness besides top, with a large, conical, solid, apical projection; manubrium flask-shaped, cross-like in section, almost as long as bell cavity, emerald green in colour; mouth cruciform with 4 prominent, recurved lips; without mesenteries; 8 gonads in adradial pads with smooth surface; 2 large elongated conical basal bulbs, each with a very long tapering opposed marginal tentacle, violet, their proximal part intensively purple; 12–24 small marginal warts, without tentaculae; without ocelli. Developmental stages. Newly liberated medusa spherical, no apical projection present, scattered nematocysts on exumbrella; manubrium cylindrical, about 1/3 of height of bell cavity, reddish orange; two opposite tentacular marginal bulbs, same in colour as manubrium, each with a long tentacle, at place of other tentacles only small marginal warts. Cnidome. Microbasic euryteles, desmonemes (hydroid); only microbasic euryteles (medusa). Distribution. Atlantic, Indo-Pacific, Mediterranean ( Motz-Kossowska 1905 ; Neppi & Stiasny 1913 ; Russell 1953 ; Vannucci 1957 ; Kramp 1961 ; Patriti 1970 ; Goy et al . 1991 ; Medel & López-González 1996 ; Schuchert 1996 , 2007; Gravili et al. 2008a ; Puce et al . 2009; Touzri et al . 2010 ). Records in Salento. Rare at: Porto Cesareo, S.ta Caterina, Otranto (Ionian and Adriatic Apulian coast) ( Denitto 1996 ; Miglietta et al . 2000 ; this study). Remarks. The life cycle of A. dinema has been investigated by Rittenhouse (1910), Rees & Russell (1937) , Schuchert (1996) , and in this study. References. Schneider (1898) , Motz-Kossowska (1905) , Rees & Russell (1937) , Russell (1953) , Trégouboff & Rose (1957) , Picard (1958a) , Kramp (1959) , Rossi (1961) , Balduzzi et al . (1980) , Boero (1981a , b ), Boero & Fresi (1986) , Medel & López-González (1996) , Schuchert (1996) , Miglietta et al. (2000) , Bouillon et al. (2004), Benović et al. (2005) , Gravili (2006), Schuchert (2007, 2012), Gravili et al. (2008a) , Puce et al. (2009), Touzri et al . (2010) .