The non-Siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide Author Gravili, Cinzia Author Vito, Doris De Author Camillo, Cristina Gioia Di Author Martell, Luis Author Piraino, Stefano Author Boero, Ferdinando text Zootaxa 2015 3908 1 1 187 journal article 42365 10.11646/zootaxa.3908.1.1 6f1d1977-6b97-4789-828c-76ed250cf1ae 1175-5326 242729 D6AD2B49-170B-4D9C-84AA-DBE0FEEAD8BE Orthopyxis crenata (Hartlaub, 1901) Fig. 112 A–D See Peña Cantero & Carrascosa (2002) for a complete synonymy. FIGURE 112. Orthopyxis crenata : A , hydroid; B , male gonotheca; C , female gonotheca; D , eumedusoid (B, C same scale bar) (redrawn and modified: A after Medel & Vervoort 2000, B, C, D after Hirohito 1995 by C.G. Di Camillo). Scale bars: A, B, C, D, 1.0 mm. Material examined. HCUS-S 119 (Hydrozoa Collection, University of Salento—fauna of the Salento Peninsula). Description (based on our own observations; Garcia Corrales et al. 1978 as Campanularia crenata ; Peña Cantero & Carrascosa 2002 ): Hydroid. Hydrorhiza as creeping stolon system; colonies stolonal; hydranth pedicels unbranched, bearing a single distal hydrotheca, with sub-hydrothecal spherule, with thickened and, usually, undulated perisarc; hydranth with about 14 tentacles; hydrotheca bell-shaped, walls thickened to a varying extent, ring of perisarc basally separating a small spherical chamber, rim with 8–13 short rounded cusps varied from deep and distinct to very shallow. Gonothecae sac-shaped, truncate distally, strongly compressed laterally, perisarc irregularly undulated, borne on hydrorhiza, on short pedicels, containing 2 eumedusoids buds. Eumedusoid. Umbrella pyriform, up to 1.5 mm high, thin walls, exumbrella with 30–40 longitudinal meridional ridges; without manubrium; 4 radial canals closed and obliterated near apex, giving rise to numerous blindly ending side branches; circular canal narrow; gonads developed between branches of radial canals, bell cavity almost filled with sexual products; no marginal tentacles; 8 adradial statocysts. Habitat type . Littoral species that in the Mediterranean has been reported from near the tidal level to 25 m depth (García Carrascosa 1981 ; Boero & Fresi 1986 ; Gili 1986). Substrate. It is exclusively epibiontic and has frequently been reported on algae, phanerogams, bryozoans, sponges, hydrozoans, ascidians, and artificial substrata. Seasonality. April–September ( Boero & Fresi 1986 ), and March–December ( Llobet et al . 1991 ; Puce et al . 2009) in the western Mediterranean; April–October (De Vito 2006; this study) in Salento waters. Reproductive period. March ( Stechow 1919 ; Gili 1986), and October–December ( Llobet et al . 1991 ) in the western Mediterranean; October (De Vito 2006; this study) in Salento waters. Cnidome. Microbasic mastigophores. Distribution. Circumtropical ( Millard & Bouillon 1973 ; Medel & López-González 1996 ; Peña Cantero & Carrascosa 2002 ; Bouillon et al. 2004; Gravili et al. 2008a ; Soto Ãngel & Peña Cantero 2013 ). Records in Salento. Moderately frequent in Salento waters: La Strea, Porto Cesareo ( Faucci & Boero 2000 ; Andreano 2007 ); Torre dell’Inserraglio, S.ta Caterina, Costa Merlata ( Andreano 2007 ); Grotta del Ciolo ( Moscatello & Belmonte 2007 ); Otranto (De Vito 2006; Gravili 2006; Andreano 2007 ; Gravili et al. 2008a ; Ventura 2011 ; this study). Remarks. Cornelius (1982) suggested that O. everta could be synonymous with O. crenata . References. Stechow (1919) as Campanularia (?) intermedia , Picard (1952) , Millard (1975) , García Corrales et al. (1978) as Campanularia crenata , C. delicata , and Campanularia (Orthopyxis) everta ; Marinopoulos (1979) ; Boero (1981a , b , c ) as Campanularia everta ; García Carrascosa (1981) , Isasi (1985) , Boero & Fresi (1986) as Campanularia everta ; Gili (1986); Llobet et al. (1986) and Llobet i Nidal (1987) as C. everta ; Roca (1986) , Ramil (1988) , Llobet et al. (1991) as O. crenata but also as C. everta , Altuna (1994) , Medel & López-González (1996) , Piraino et al. (1999) as C. everta ; Faucci & Boero (2000) , Medel & Vervoort (2000) , Peña Cantero & Carrascosa (2002) , Bouillon et al. (2004); De Vito (2006), Gravili (2006); Moscatello & Belmonte (2007) as C. everta ; Gravili et al. (2008a) ; Puce et al. (2009), Ventura (2011) .