A revision of the Deltochilum subgenus Aganhyboma Kolbe, 1893 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) Author Silva, Fernando A. B. Author Louzada, Júlio Author Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando text Zootaxa 2015 3925 4 451 504 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3925.4.1 4ec28816-af9e-450f-a2b6-aa07fe6478d8 1175-5326 244795 69DADAD6-84DA-4CBE-B653-6527293BA560 Subgenus AGANHYBOMA Kolbe 1893 Deltochilum ( Aganhyboma ) Kolbe 1893 : 192 (original description) Shipp 1897 : 195 (designation of type species; author treated Aganhyboma as genus) Paulian 1938 : 240 , 243, 252 (identification keys, species descriptions) Lane 1946 : 172 , 173, 174 (comment about history of names in Aganhyboma ) Pereira & Martínez 1956 : 120 , 121 (identification key) Martínez 1959 : 51 (catalogue) Vulcano & Pereira 1964 : 641 (catalogue) Vulcano & Pereira 1967 : 555, 556 (identification keys) Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 192 (checklist) Vaz-de-Mello et al . 2011: 5, 11, 18, 26, 33, 41, 44 (checklist and identification keys). Deltochilum ( Deltochilum ) in part Eschscholtz 1822 : 39 (original description) Kolbe 1893 : 191 (establishement of seven subgenera under Deltochilum ) Shipp 1897 : 196 (taxonomic comments) Paulian 1938 : 240, 243, 268, 269 (description, identification key and comments) Lane 1946 : 172–175 (transfer of the valgum group to Deltohyboma ). Deltochilum ( Deltohyboma ) in part Lane 1946 : 175 (designation of subgenus) Martínez 1959 : 53–56 (catalogue) Pereira & Martínez 1956 : 120, 121 (identification key) Vulcano & Pereira 1964 : 641 (catalogue) Vulcano & Pereira 1967 : 555–560 (identification keys) Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 192 (checklist) Vaz-de-Mello et al . 2011: 5, 11, 18, 26, 33, 41, 44 (checklist and identification keys) Description. Body. Lateral margins as well as dorsal surface vary from weakly to strongly convex ( Figs 95–123 ), with some species quite round in shape. Dorsal surface glabrous, with at most minute setae in some species. Length 11 to 19 mm . Head. Surface with foveiform punctures, usually more conspicuous around eyes (Figs 60, 61). Anterior portion (between clypeogenal sutures) prolonged, similar to a small ‘muzzle’ (Figs 60, 61), bidentate. Margin of head, near clypeal teeth, straight and followed by a small tooth slightly pronounced (Fig. 61), or slightly curved and without teeth (Fig. 60). Lateral margin of gena curved outward until eyes, with a strong convex shape in the middle of this curvature, or with posterior half truncated, approximately straight. Clypeogenal suture well defined and shallow. Eye margin not emarginate. Eye rounded or comma-shaped in dorsal view. Dorsal interocular distance varies between three to ten times eye width (Figs 60, 61). Thorax. Pronotum with anterior angles acute, directed anteriorly. Lateral margin slightly angled. Pronotum punctures variable, dense or sparse, consisting of foveiform punctures. Sides of metasternum, anterior portion of hypomera, epimeron and episternum with a dense foveiform punctures. Hypomera not excavated to receive head margin (Figs 78, 79). Posterior portion of metasternum with a small, round, shallow fovea. Outer margin of mesocoxal cavity not reaching metaepimeron. Elytra. Lateral margins ranging from semiparallel to outwardly curved. Elytral striae with foveiform punctures. Interstriae with foveiform punctures of different sizes. Basal carina of sixth elytral interstria absent. Basal carina of seventh interstria short or elongate, prominent or not (Figs 71, 72). Length of basal carina of ninth interstria reaches from mid-interstria, to apex (Figs 62, 63, 80). Apices of interstriae 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 with tubercle or carina (that of second interstria sometimes weak or absent). Length of apical carina of seventh interstria less than one-half that of interstria. Pseudepipleural carina complete, visible entire length of epipleuron in most species (Figs 62, 63). In some species this carina can be interrupted in the basal third, re-appearing halfway along elytral length (Fig. 80). Abdomen . Abdominal ventrites shorter medially than laterally (Fig. 73). Punctures of ventrites most abundant and conspicuous at sides. Pygidium with rounded or elliptical foveiform punctures. Apex of pygidium acuminate or rounded. Legs. Protibia abruptly expanded (Fig. 66) or not in basal third. External apical margin of protibia bearing three large prominent teeth. Medial lateral tooth can be equidistant between apical and basal tooth, or closer to apical tooth. Metatibia short, truncated and only slightly curved inward (Fig. 68), or elongate and apical one-third strongly curved inward (Fig. 67). Aedeagus. Parameres symmetric, short or elongate, simple, without ornamentation or setae (Fig. 24); endophallus: lobe in submedial portion; endophallic sclerites: lamella copulatrix sclerites (LC), superior right peripheral sclerite (SRP), fronto-lateral peripheral sclerite (FLP) and complex of axial and subaxial sclerites (A + SA) ( Figs 1 , 59). Diagnosis. Anterior portion of head (between clypeogenal sutures) prolonged, similar to a small ‘muzzle’ (Figs 60, 61). Remarks. The subgenus Aganhyboma , as defined here, includes 26 species distributed in South America , with one species ( D. acropyge Bates ) reaching as far North as Mexico . The highest species richness occurs in Brazil . This work recognizes two major species groups within the subgenus, the trisignatum and valgum groups. The first comprises species historically grouped in Aganhyboma , including the genus type . The trisignatum group can be further split into two species complexes, the trisignatum and the cupreicolle complexes. The valgum group is comprised of three species complexes, the acropyge , finestriatum and the valgum complexes.