Re-discovery after more than a century: a redefinition of the Malagasy endemic millipede genus Zehntnerobolus, with a description of a new species (Diplopoda, Spirobolida, Pachybolidae) Author Wesener, Thomas text Zootaxa 2011 3018 21 26 journal article 46384 10.5281/zenodo.278635 42311ac7-9128-48bf-9a2d-00da0f36148b 1175-5326 278635 Genus Zehntnerobolus Wesener, 2009 Type species : Spirobolus rubripes de Saussure & Zehntner, 1897 , monotypic Other species included : Zehntnerobolus hoffmani n. sp. Taxonomic position. The presence of a sclerotized sternite connecting the posterior gonopods ( Fig. 3 E) and the absence of apodemes on the anterior gonopods ( Figs 2 E, 3C) place Zehntnerobolus in the family Pachybolidae , suborder Trigoniulidea. The closest relative of Zehntnerobolus might be found among other small-bodied Malagasy Spirobolida . Re-diagnosis. The description of a second species of Zehntnerobolus together with a more detailed morphological study allows a re-diagnosis of the genus previously monotypic. Telopodite process of anterior gonopod slender and curved laterally ( Figs 2 E, 3C, D), a unique character of Zehntnerobolus . Sperm canal of posterior telopod apically free, protruding above lateral margin ( Figs 3 E–G). Among Malagasy Pachybolidae , a free sperm canal also exists in Flagellobolus and Caprobolus . Shares a gnathochilarium with a transverse ridge subdividing mentum with the Malagasy genera Flagellobolus , Riotintobolus , Pseudocentrobolus , Granitobolus , Caprobolus , Alluviobolus and Ostinobolus . Shares a torsion of telopodite of posterior gonopod with discharge opening of efferent duct (sperm canal) turned laterally instead of mesally with Riotintobolus and Alluviobolus . FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Zehntnerobolus Wesener, 2009 . Elevation in meters. Distribution and ecology. Apparently a rare genus. Recent collection efforts by the California Academy of Sciences and the Field Museum at more than 250 localities throughout Madagascar only resulted in the collection of a single sample with two specimens, described below, 385 km south of the other know historic localities, from Ivohibe ( Fig. 1 ). As suggested previously (Wesener et al. 2009B), and indicated by the collection method of the recent specimens (sifting of leaf litter), this genus probably lives on the surface of (or inside) the leaf litter.