New records of Microchiroptera (Rhinolophidae and Kerivoulinae) from Vietnam and Thailand Author Thong, Vu Dinh Institute for Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam Author Bumrungsri, Sara Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkla, Thailand 90112 Author Harrison, David L. Harrison Institute, Centre for Systematics and Biodiversity Research, Bowerwood House, St. Botolph's Road, Sevenoaks, Kent, TN 13 3 AQ, Great Britain Author Pearch, Malcolm J. Harrison Institute, Centre for Systematics and Biodiversity Research, Bowerwood House, St. Botolph's Road, Sevenoaks, Kent, TN 13 3 AQ, Great Britain Author Helgen, Kristofer M. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia & South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia Author Bates, Paul J. J. Harrison Institute, Centre for Systematics and Biodiversity Research, Bowerwood House, St. Botolph's Road, Sevenoaks, Kent, TN 13 3 AQ, Great Britain & Corresponding author: E-mail: hzm @ btinternet. com hzm@btinternet.com text Acta Chiropterologica 2006 2006-04-01 8 1 83 93 journal article 21478 10.3161/1733-5329(2006)8[83:nromra]2.0.co;2 42b7b1e6-fc7a-4296-94f5-95a358d3d34b 1733-5329 3945029 Phoniscus atrox Miller, 1905 Groove-toothed trumpet-eared bat Phoniscus atrox Miller, 1905: 230 ; Vicinity of the Kateman River, eastern Sumatra New material, previous records and distri- bution Thailand : Wildlife Research Station, Bala Forest, Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctu- ary, Wang District, Narathiwat Province ( 05°48’N , 101°50’E ), 21 May 2003 , 1 ♂ (PSU-M 05.11) collected by S. Bumrungsri. In Thailand , the previous locality record is Klong Bang Sai, Patiyu District, Chum- phon Province ( 10°43’N , 99°20’E — Kloss, 1916 ). It is also known from peninsular Malaysia , Sumatra and Borneo (Simmons, 2005) and possibly Lao PDR (Francis et al., 1999). Description and taxonomic notes In general, the pelage of P. atrox is comparable to that of P. jagorii but slightly paler. Kloss (1916) noted that of his two Thai specimens, the female was duller and darker than the male. With a forearm length of 34.3 mm (Table 1), the current specimen slightly exceeds in size those (32.3, 32.6 mm) listed in Hill (1965) . However, the condylobasal length of 14.0 mm (Table 2) is within the range ( 0 = 13.6, 13.1–14.1 mm , n = 7) of specimens of P. atrox in The Natural History Museum, London. The mor- phology of the skull is similar to that of P. jagorii , except that the basioccipital pits are shallower (see above). In the dentition, the upper canine is very large, with its outer side having two deep grooves. The upper FIG. 2. Lateral view of the left anterior dentition (I2–P4 and I –P) of Phoniscus (left) and Kerivoula (right); 1 4 P. jagorii , XS.53, Vietnam and K. kachinensis , VN014-S411, Vietnam. Scale = 2 mm premolars are significantly smaller than those of P. jagorii ( Fig. 3 ). This is evident in the first (P2) and especially the second (P3) premolar. Furthermore, in comparison to P. jagorii , P3 is essentially round in out- line, rather than rectangular, and without an antero-internal elongation. The second lower premolar (P3) is particularly narrow ( Fig. 3 ). Echolocation Based on recent material from Thailand , like P. jagorii , the echolocation calls of P. atrox are characterized by broad FM sweeps. The initial frequency ( 0 ± SD) is 125.53 ± 7.31 kHz ( n = 6) and the terminal frequency is 61.80 ± 3.76 kHz. The mean peak frequency is 77.37 ± 6.55 kHz (range 64.6–83.5). Generally, energy is distributed fairly evenly throughout the emitted call. The calls have low intensity and a relative- ly short duration of 2.97 ± 0.79 ms. Occa- sionally, calls are emitted in series with an interval of 14–18 ms. In Malaysia , King- ston et al. (1999) reported a start frequency of 166.1 kHz (145.6–183.2, n = 42), an end frequency of 60.0 kHz (51.2– 72.0, n = 42), a peak frequency of 86.9 kHz (62.4–122.4, n = 42), and a call duration of 2.8 ms (1.9–3.9, n = 42). Ecological notes and conservation status In Bala Forest, Thailand , a single indi- vidual was captured in the early evening (19:00 hrs) in disturbed forest interspersed with orchards and rubber plantations. This area, at an elevation of 150 m a.s.l., is adja- cent to a large patch of pristine lowland evergreen forest. Phoniscus atrox appears to favour birds’ nests, particularly those of the broad bill ( Eurylaimus sp.) as a diurnal roost. In eastern Sumatra, the holotype and paratype , both females, were collected on 9th September, 19:03 hrs from an aban- doned nest of a broad bill in dense forest on the banks of the Kateman River. Individuals belonging to this species were also captured in birds’ nests in Malaysia (T. Kingston, personal comm.). The first record from Ma- laysia was of a subadult collected at 615 m a.s.l. from the Ulu Gombak Forest Reserve, Selangor ( Medway , 1969). The first record from Thailand was an adult male and fe- male caught in January, 1916 ( Kloss, 1916 ). Its conservation status is lower risk, least concern (Hutson et al. , 2001).