A revision of the spider genus Raveniola (Araneae, Nemesiidae). II. Species from Central Asia Author Zonstein, Sergei L. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:EADD3607-30FF-49AE-93F5-8410630469BE Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel znn@tauex.tau.ac.il text European Journal of Taxonomy 2024 2024-10-24 967 1 185 https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2699/12459 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2024.967.2699 2118-9773 13990819 C08B8027-50CC-417E-BCD4-5183B9FF6738 Raveniola mikhailovi Zonstein, 2021 Figs 23–24 , 56–57 , 78–79 , 104 , 130 , 159 , 188–189 , 223 , 249–250 , 282 , 306 , 373 , 445–447 , 538–540 , 605–608 , 720–722, 758 Raveniola mikhailovi Zonstein 2021: 209 , figs 1–2, 5–6, 13–15 ( ♂ ♀ ), except for the mismatched figs 9–10 ( ♂ ; see the corresponding notes below). Raveniola virgata – Zonstein 1987: 1018 (part). Diagnosis Males of Raveniola mikhailovi differ from the related male congeners by the following characters: from R . nenilini sp. nov. and R . vulpina sp. nov. by a gently twisted (vs slightly arcuate) embolus, and from R . virgata in having a less stout palpal tibia, as well as a thinner tibia and metatarsus I ( Figs 282 , 373 , 445–447 cf. Figs 286–287 , 376 , 448–449 , 459–465 ). Females of R . mikhailovi are distinguishable due to a specific structure of the spermathecae, with relatively short trunks and widely diverging lateral diverticula (vs differently arranged spermathecal structures in other species; see Figs 538–540 cf. Figs 541–543, 547–554 ). Material examined Holotype KYRGYZSTAN • ♂ ; Chatkal Mts (southern slope), Hoja-Ata Canyon , Karangitun Gorge ; 41°46′ N , 71°56′ E ; 1200–1400 m a.s.l. ; 2 May 1983 ; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH . Paratypes ( 8 ♂♂ , 24 ♀♀ , 1 ♀ subad.) KYRGYZSTAN • 3 ♀♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; SMNH • 2 ♂♂ , 2 ♀♀ ; same collection data as for preceding, Tumanyak Gorge ; 41°49′ N , 71°56′ E ; 1800 m a.s.l. ; 5 Jul. 2000 ; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 5 ♀♀ , 1 ♀ subad.; same collection data as for preceding, Kokkolot Gorge ; 41°47′ N , 71°57′ E ; 1600 m a.s.l. ; 16 May 1982 ; S. V . Ovchinnikov leg.; SMNH • 4 ♀♀ ; same collection data as for preceding, Kichkil Gorge ; 41°50′ N , 71°57′ E ; 1400 m a.s.l. ; 9 Jul. 1983 ; K.G. Mikhailov leg.; ZMMU • 5 ♂♂ , 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding, vicinity of Sary-Chelek Lake ; 41°52′ N , 71°58′ E ; 1900–2000 m a.s.l. ; 28 May 1992 ; S. Zonstein leg.; SMNH • 1 ♂ , 9 ♀♀ ; Chatkal Mts , Aflatun Canyon , Oyalma ( Uyalma ) Gorge ; 41°52′ N , 71°51′ E ; 1800 m a.s.l. ; 29 Jul. 1983 ; K.G. Mikhailov leg.; ZMMU . Additional material ( 4 ♀♀ , 2 ♀♀ subad.) KYRGYZSTAN • 2 ♀♀ subad.; Chatkal Mts , Sary-Chelek Reserve ; 25 Jul. 1968 ; V . F. Bakhvalov leg.; SMNH • 4 ♀♀ ; Chatkal Mts , Chapchama Pass ; 41°32′ N , 70°49′ E ; 2850 m a.s.l. ; 8 Jul. 1968 ; V . F. Bakhvalov leg.; SMNH . Description Male ( holotype ) HABITUS . See Fig. 23. MEASUREMENTS . TBL 12.30, CL 4.56, CW 4.12, LL 0.39, LW 0.81, SL 2.33, SW 2.16. COLOUR . Carapace, palps and legs medium yellowish orange; leg I slightly darker than other legs; eye tubercle blackish brown; chelicerae light cherry red; sternum, labium and maxillae light yellowish orange; abdomen greyish brown, with darker brown dorsal chevron-like pattern and a few small brown marks on ventral side; book-lungs and spinnerets pale yellowish brown. CEPHALOTHORAX . Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 104 . Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 159 . Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.15(0.22), ALE 0.27, PLE 0.20, PME 0.18; AME–AME 0.12(0.05), ALE–AME 0.06(0.03), ALE–PLE 0.05, PLE–PME 0.02, PME–PME 0.29. Anterior cheliceral edge with unmodified setae; rastellum not developed. Each cheliceral furrow with 9–10 promarginal teeth and 2 mesobasal denticles. MIT indiscernible. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 223 . Maxillae with 11–15 cuspules each. LEGS . Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 282 , 306 . Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; sparse and very widely divided on tarsi III–IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–9 each on tibiae, 12–14 on metatarsi, 11–12 on tarsi, 8 on cymbium. PTC I–II and III–IV with 8–10 and 9–11 teeth on each margin, respectively. SPINATION . Palp: femur d3, pd2, rd2; patella pd1; tibia d2, p3, r1, v6; cymbium d10(12). Leg I: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p1; tibia p2, pv1, r2, rv2+2M; metatarsus v1. Leg II: femur d4, pd3; patella p1; tibia p4(3), v7; metatarsus p2(1), v4(3). Leg III: femur d4, pd3, rd2; patella p3(2), r1; tibia d3, p3, r3, v8; metatarsus p3, r3, v8. Leg IV: femur d4, pd3, rd3; patella p1, r1; tibia d3, p3, r3, v9; metatarsus d3, p4, r4, v8. Tarsi I–IV aspinose. PALP . Tibia, cymbium and copulatory bulb as shown in Fig. 373 . Embolus long tapering and slightly curved subapically ( Figs 445–447 ). SPINNERETS . See Figs 605–606 . PMS: length 0.23, diameter 0.12. PLS: maximal diameter 0.42; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.68, 0.47, 0.38; total length 1.53; apical segment triangular. LEG MEASUREMENTS . ♂(♀)

Femur	Patella	Tibia	Metatarsus	Tarsus	Total
Palp	2.61 (3.19)	1.41 (1.78)	1.83 (2.36)	–	0.72 (2.25)	6.57 (9.58)
Leg I	4.13 (4.31)	2.26 (2.77)	3.36 (3.41)	3.27 (2.66)	1.99 (2.04)	15.01 (15.19)
Leg II	3.81 (4.13)	2.03 (2.47)	3.02 (2.88)	3.07 (2.70)	1.94 (2.03)	13.87 (14.21)
Leg III	3.63 (3.46)	1.71 (1.89)	2.58 (2.45)	3.73 (3.02)	2.03 (2.03)	13.68 (12.85)
Leg IV	4.71 (4.62)	2.14 (2.50)	3.67 (3.59)	5.18 (4.66)	2.65 (2.25)	18.35 (17.62)

Female ( paratype ) HABITUS . See Fig. 57. MEASUREMENTS . TBL 18.10, CL 6.56, CW 5.54, LL 0.58, LW 1.13, SL 3.35, SW 2.84. COLOUR . As in male. CEPHALOTHORAX . Carapace and chelicerae as shown in Fig. 130 . Clypeus and eye group as in Fig. 189 . Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.13(0.19), ALE 0.28, PLE 0.20, PME 0.14; AME–AME 0.14(0.08), ALE–AME 0.12(0.09), ALE–PLE 0.07, PLE–PME 0.06, PME–PME 0.40. Cheliceral rastellum absent. Each cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth and 3 mesobasal denticles. Sternum, labium and maxillae as shown in Fig. 250 . Maxillae with 12–16 cuspules each. LEGS . Scopula: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II; entire on palpal tarsus and tarsus I; narrowly divided by setae on tarsus II; sparse and widely divided on tarsus III; rudimentary on tarsus IV. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–11 each on tibiae, 15–16 on metatarsi, 14–15 on tarsi, 10 on palpal tarsus. Palpal claw with 4 long promarginal teeth. PTC I–II and III–IV with 6–7 and 7–9 teeth on each margin, respectively. SPINATION . Femora with 1–2 basodorsal spine and 2–3 dorsal bristles; palpal patella and tarsi I–IV aspinose. Palp: femur pd1; tibia v7; tarsus v4. Leg I: femur pd1; patella p1; tibia p2, v7; metatarsus v6. Leg II: femur pd1; patella p1; tibia p2, v7; metatarsus v6. Leg III: femur pd3, rd2; patella p2, r1; tibia d1, p2, r2, v7; metatarsus d1, p4, r3, v8(7). Leg IV: femur pd1, rd1; patella p1, r1; tibia d1, p3(2), r3, v7; metatarsus d1, p4, r4, v12(10). SPERMATHECAE . Each of paired spermathecae Y-shaped with relatively short and wide base carrying two relatively short and widely diverging branches ( Fig. 540 ). SPINNERETS . See Fig. 608 . PMS: length 0.38, diameter 0.18. PLS: maximal diameter 0.62; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.08, 0.55, 0.48; total length 2.11; apical segment triangular. Variation Carapace length in males (n=9) varies from 4.41 to 5.69, in females (n=11) from 4.72 to 7.37. Variations in the habitus, the eye group arrangement, and the structure of the sternum and the spinnerets are shown in Figs 24 , 56 , 78–79 , 188 , 249 , 607 . Variation in the structure of the spermathecae as shown in Figs 538–540 . Ecology According to the observations and the labelled collection data, the spiders were collected under stones in a wide array of montane habitats – from shrubland on the lower border of the forested zone via the broad-leaved, mixed and coniferous montane forests (dominated by Juglans regia and Picea schrenkiana Fisch. & C.A. Mey. , respectively) to the subalpine and alpine woodless grasslands ( Figs 720–722 ). The spiders use cavities under stones as retreats. In Sary-Chelek Reserve, they can occur together with a sympatric species, Raveniola vulpina sp. nov. (the ranges of these two species partially overlap). Distribution Known from Western Tien-Shan: Chatkal Mts. See Fig. 758 . Notes When describing this species, the illustrations showing the copulatory bulb of the male holotype of R . vulpina sp. nov. , stored in a folder under the name indicating the type locality, common for two species (Sary-Chelek), were mistakenly used instead of images of this structure actually belonging to the male holotype of the sympatric R . mikhailovi , kept in the same folder. This error is corrected herein. All other images of the holotype , used at the original description (Zonstein 2021: figs 1, 5), are correct.