Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical species of the tribe Eudorylini (Diptera, Pipunculidae) Author FÖLDVÁRI, MIHÁLY text Zootaxa 2013 2013-05-22 3656 1 1 121 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3656.1.1 journal article 20775 10.11646/zootaxa.3656.1.1 d2c3e582-04bb-4d44-8261-b62f1b0db73a 1175­5334 6039126 73E59AED-B16D-430C-B611-EB5CFEAF7FDD Genus Eudorylas The following eight species are not included in the key, since they have no male representatives or it was not possible to study type specimens: Eudorylas abdominalis , E. angustus , E. bredoi , E. cupreiventris , E. falcatus , E. katonae , E. liberia , E. parvifrons . 1 Two strong bristles on 3rd tibia at the apex anteriorly. T5 4 times as long as ST8. Epandrium with pointed structure around cerci. SES distinct, with minute hairs; gonopods hairy, small, symmetric; phallic guide with numerous hairs laterally in ventral view ( Figs 15G–L )......................................................... Eudorylas bisetosus ( Hardy, 1962 ) – Hind tibia without apical bristles. Genitalia different......................................................... 2 2 Third antennal segment long acuminate (projection at least as long as the height of third segment)..................... 3 – Third antennal segment at most acuminate (projection shorter than third segment)................................ 15 3 Hind tibia with an anteromedial hair...................................................................... 4 – No anteromedial hair on hind tibia....................................................................... 7 4 First four tibiae with a small (but distinct), erect posteromedial hair. SS elongated and bent ventrally, OS very broad at base, PG hooked in lateral view and SES with numerous hairs along edges ( Figs 31A–F )....... Eudorylas rooibergensis sp. nov. – First four tibiae without posteromedial hair, genitalia different................................................. 5 5 Surstyli completely symmetrical in ventral and lateral views. Phallic guide with hairy protuberances at base; phallus very long (at least two times as long as postabdomen) and coiled, branches stick together; part of the ejaculatory duct is coiled as a spiral ( Figs 33A–F ). Legs entirely yellow............................................ Eudorylas setiformis (Hardy, 1949) – Surstyli at least slightly asymmetrical. Phallic guide without basal protuberances, phallus short (less than two times as long as postabdomen), not coiled, no part of the ejaculatory duct is coiled as a spiral, legs not entirely yellow.................. 6 6 SES without hairs. Gonopods equal in length, OG with a distinct process, directed medially; phallic guide with a sickle-shaped apical appendix on the left in ventral view; branches of phallus short ( Figs 30A–E )......... Eudorylas protumidus sp. nov. – SES with 12–15 very distinct hairs ventrally. Gonopods not equal in length. Phallic guide with three hook-like projections at tip in ventral view, with tooth-like projection towards ss in lateral view; phallus coiled ( Figs 35G–N )............................................................................................ Eudorylas swanengi Földvári, 2003 7 SES without hairs.................................................................................... 8 – SES with at least 3–4 pale hairs......................................................................... 9 8 Gonopods much shorter than PG, hairless. Tips of surstyli turned ventrally, at the base with finger-like protuberance; hypandrium peculiar shape with one lobe in the middle; phallic guide tube-like, with tooth-like structure facing SS in ventral view; phallus long and coiled ( Figs 18A–G ).......................................... Eudorylas discretus ( Hardy, 1952 ) – Gonopods longer than PG, with distinct hairs around tip. Surstyli club shaped and strongly bent ventrally; ST8 very small, without m.a.; hypandrium regular shape, phallic guide blunt at tip in ventral view, but curved and pointed in lateral view ( Figs 30F–K )................................................................ Eudorylas remiformis ( Hardy, 1962 ) 9 Epandrium with lateral projection on the right side in dorsal view (also visible in lateral view, see Fig. 32A , Fig. 51A)... 10 – Epandrium without such a projection.................................................................... 11 10 Gonopods pointed; T6 with linear protuberance; surstyli asymmetrical, OS with two projections (in ventral view) ( Figs 17A– G ). Legs not yellow, not all femora shining posteriorly. Abdomen elongated, broadest at T5...................................................................................................... Eudorylas decorus ( Hardy, 1950 ) – Gonopods rounded; T6 with a bent process; surstyli asymmetrical, OS with one projection ( Figs 36A–G ). Legs yellow, all femora shining posteriorly. Abdomen not elongated, not broadest at T5............... Eudorylas tanzaniensis Földvári, 2003 11 Apical lobes of gonopods flat with little “holes”, outer edges with zigzag pattern. ST8 very large; thick hairs at base of SS; phallic guide shorter than GP, rounded at tip. In ventral view both SS with an edge along middle line ( Figs 12D–I )................................................................................ Eudorylas aethiopicus (Hardy, 1949) – Gonopods smooth, without “holes”. ST8, SS, phallic guide different........................................... 12 12 Epandrium about as long as wide in dorsal view........................................................... 13 – Epandrium longer than wide in dorsal view............................................................... 14 13 Phallic guide broad at the end and with little protuberances in the middle in ventral view; gono-pods well developed, rounded. surstyli equal in length, both with ventral projections at base ( Figs 12A–C )............. Eudorylas aemulus (Hardy, 1949) – Phallic guide with two lobes on each side in ventral view, tip pointed in lateral view; gonopods very small, not protruding at all. Inner surstylus longer, both with ventral projections ( Figs 13A–G ).................. Eudorylas amani Földvári, 2003 14 Phallic guide broad, sides parallel, distal part with three pointed appendices at tip in ventral view; surstyli broad in the middle. SES with hairy ridges on both sides; gonopods with medial lobes (overlapping in ventral view), IG with a pointed tip ( Figs 28F–J )......................................................................... Eudorylas pilulus sp. nov. – Phallic guide only broad at base in ventral view, narrowing towards pointed tip, with distinct hairs in the middle; surstyli narrow in the middle, pointed at tip; margins of SES distinct, with numerous hairs on both sides; gonopods almost symmetrical, rounded (Figs 36H–M)...................................................... Eudorylas umbrinus (Loew, 1858) 15 Hind femora with thick ventral protuberance at base. ST8 without m.a., with a visible dorsal de-pression. Gonopods asymmetrical, both with medial projections; hypandrium very narrow; phallic guide triangle shaped and with two strong hairs on each side in ventral view, pointed at tip ( Figs 20G–L )...................................... Eudorylas femoralis sp. nov. – Hind femora without basal protuberance. ST8 with m.a., gonopods, hypandrium and phallic guide different............ 16 16 The male's eyes do not touch (they are close to each other for a distance equal to half the length of ocellar triangle). Phallic guide broad, sides parallel in ventral view, tip narrowing and curved in lateral view; phallus with teeth on the branches ( Figs 23A–F )................................................................ Eudorylas ghesquierei ( Hardy, 1950 ) – The eyes of the male always touch. Phallic guide and phallus different.......................................... 17 17 Abdominal tergites 3–5 shining........................................................................ 18 – Abdominal tergites 3–5 pollinose....................................................................... 23 18 Preabdominal tergites at least partly yellow............................................................... 19 – Preabdominal tergites without any yellow colour........................................................... 20 19 The whole body is generally yellow, dull, only the fifth tergite and the last tarsi are dark. Thorax and abdomen covered with exceptionally dense, pale hairs. No long hairs on surstyli ventrally; SES with hairs at base of SS; phallic guide straight and blunt in ventral view, bent towards SS and pointed at tip in lateral view; phallus coiled, without projection at branching point ( Figs 14G–K )................................................................... Eudorylas angolae sp. nov. – Tergites shining black, T3,4 with orange-brown ground colour. No hairs on thorax and abdomen. Surstyli with long hairs on ventral side; SES narrow, without hairs; phallic guide wide at tip with a membranous projection on the right in ventral view; phallus with a small projection at branching point ( Figs 31G–L ). Hairs dispersed, short and white.................................................................................................. Eudorylas rubrus ( Hardy, 1950 ) 20 Epandrium longer than wide, with a finger-like projection in ventral view. T1 and anterior half of T2 with stripes (pale brown), other parts shining black. Surstyli turned 90° ventrally; phallic guide short, rounded at tip ( Figs 19A–F ). EP with a distinct yellow band in the middle....................................................... Eudorylas encerus (Hardy, 1949) – Epandrium as wide as or wider than long, without ventral projection. T1 and T2 different, surstyli not bent ventrally, EP without yellow band..................................................................................... 21 21 Gonopods asymmetrical; phallic guide with protuberance on the right side in ventral view covered with thick hairs, pointed at tip. Surstyli highly asymmetrical, with numerous hairs ventrally; phallus long, branches not separating from each other ( Figs 37G–L ).................................................................... Eudorylas wittei ( Hardy, 1950 ) – Gonopods symmetrical or missing; phallic guide without thick hairs. Surstyli and phallus different................... 22 22 Phallic guide broad on distal half, tip narrow; phallus short with thick branches ( Figs 32A–F ). abdominal tergites shining black (except t1, being greyish pollinose), sides with small grey patches. Cross-vein R-M at 1/2 of discal cell............................................................................................ Eudorylas scharffi Földvári, 2003 – Phallic guide broad at base, narrowing towards tip in ventral view, flat and sharply pointed in lateral view; branches of the phallus thin and with a setulose membranous lobe ( Figs 20A–F ). Abdominal tergites completely shining black, ST8 slightly pollinose. Cross-vein R-M at 1/4–1/3 of discal cell................................. Eudorylas facetus ( Hardy, 1962 ) 23 At least one anteromedial hair present on hind tibiae........................................................ 24 – No anteromedial hair on hind tibiae..................................................................... 34 24 No ventroapical spines on first femora................................................................... 25 – Ventroapical spines present on first femora............................................................... 28 25. Epandrium wider than long in dorsal view................................................................ 26 – Epandrium longer than wide in dorsal view............................................................... 27 26 A special bilobed structure present between the surstyli in dorsal view ( Fig. 29B ) connected to the phallic guide. S5 and S4 divided. surstyli elongated, both C-shaped in lateral view; cerci asymmetrically placed, small; SES without thick hairs medially; phallic guide with two apical lobes in ventral view ( Figs 14A–F ). One erect anteromedial hair on 3rd tibia................................................................................... Eudorylas amuscarium (Hardy, 1959) – No special structure between surstyli, cerci symmetrical. S5 and S4 not divided. Surstyli and cerci different; SES with thick hairs medially; phallic guide with parallel sides in ventral view, slightly pointed in lateral view ( Figs 13H–M ). Three to four anteromedial hairs on 3rd tibia................................................ Eudorylas amitinus ( Hardy, 1962 ) 27 Gonopods highly asymmetrical, IG has a long process curved towards the median line (always with a flap-like structure at the base) and the PG is broad, S-shaped in lateral view ( Figs 35A–F ). Surstyli without ventral hairs; epandrium regular around cerci; SES without hiars. One pale anteromedial hair on 3rd tibia...................... Eudorylas skorpionensis sp. nov. – Gonopods equal in length; phallic guide with two distal round lobes bent behind the central process in lateral view. Surstyli with hairs along ridges on ventral side; epandrium with special tooth-shaped form around cerci; SES with distinct hairs ( Figs 25A–E ). One weakly developed anteromedial hair on 3rd tibia............................. Eudorylas lobus sp. nov. 28 Distinct hairs on SES................................................................................ 29 – Hairs missing on SES................................................................................ 31 29 Gonopods with hairy processes; phallic guide without elongated lateral projections, but with two flat lobes and a pointed tip in ventral view; at least one branch of phallus with teeth ( Figs 32G–L ). One anteromedial hair on 3rd tibia......................................................................................... Eudorylas semiopacus ( Lamb, 1922 ) – Gonopods without processes; phallic guide with elongated lateral projections. Branches of phallus without teeth........ 30 30 Gonopods with 3–4 thick hairs close to tip, phallic guide with distinct lateral projection on the left in ventral view, tip pointed. Surstyli without basal hairs. Two branches of phallus and a membranous part with teeth ( Figs 18H–M ). One or two strong anteromedial hairs on 3rd tibia................................................ Eudorylas diversus (Hardy, 1949) – Gonopods with minute hairs along median edge; phallic guide with 3 additional branches laterally. Phallus with little teeth in lateral view. Surstyli with a row of hairs along a ridge at base ( Figs 24A–F ). Two longer anteromedial hairs on 3rd tibia............................................................................. Eudorylas inornatus (Hardy, 1949) 31 Phallic guide with six appendices projecting to different directions; phallus with at least one branch bearing comb-like ornament. Gonopods equal in length, IG hairy at tip, OG with hairs along medial edge in a row ( Figs 28A–E ). One erect anteromedial hair on 3rd tibia........................................................... Eudorylas pectinatus sp. nov. – Phallic guide with not more than two appendices. Phallus without comb-like ornament; gonopods equal or unequal in length, hairs on gonopods different. One to three erect anteromedial hairs on 3rd tibia................................... 32 32 Gonopods weakly developed; hypandrium deflected 45° in ventral view. Surstyli with distinct hairy projections at base. Phallic guide with two large lobes at tip in ventral view (almost as long as SS) ( Figs 17H–M ). One erect anteromedial hair on 3rd tibia......................................................................... Eudorylas denotatus (Hardy, 1959) – Gonopods well developed; hypandrium not deflected. Surstyli without hairy projections at base, phallic guide different. One to three erect anteromedial hairs on 3rd tibia................................................................ 33 33 Gonopods elongated, tips with hairy protuberances; phallic guide pointed at tip (hooked in lateral view), with two projections in ventral view. 2–3 erect anteromedial hairs on 3rd tibia; hind trochanter without spines. surstyli symmetric, rounded at tip; phallus short, trifid, two branches teethed ( Figs 11A–F )............................ Eudorylas acroapex ( Hardy, 1962 ) – Gonopods broad at tip, with small hairs along tips and median edge; phallic guide with two lateral lobes and a hook (in lateral view); phallus with teeth ( Figs 22G–L ). One anteromedial hair on 3rd tibia. Hind trochanter with 2 black spines posterodorsally.................................................................. Eudorylas garambensis ( Hardy, 1961 ) 34 Hind trochanter with a long projection; f3 thickened and bent, hind tibia bent in the middle. ST8 very large, without m.a.; phallic guide with a hook on the left in ventral view; ejaculatory apodeme parachute-shaped, with 3 lobes ( Figs 21A–G )................................................................................... Eudorylas flexus (Hardy, 1949) – Hind trochanter without any projection; other parts of the hind legs are not modified. ST8, phallic guide, ejaculatory apodeme different........................................................................................... 35 35 Third antennal segment obtuse. ST8 large, m.a. occupies all of ST8, except upper left angle in dorsal view. SES enlarged, with a wide lobe at the end; phallic guide long, with a groove along median line, tip elongated, pointed (in lateral view with two teeth towards SS, the lower with numerous hairs); phallus extremely long, coiled with supporting structure ( Figs 34A–G )............................................................................. Eudorylas sinuosus (Hardy, 1949) – Third antennal segment at least acute (pointed). ST8 smaller, m.a. occupies only a portion of it; SES not enlarged, phallic guide different; phallus never extremely long and coiled.......................................................... 36 36 No ventroapical spines on first femora................................................................... 37 – Ventroapical spines present on first femora............................................................... 43 37 Epandrium with a projection on the left side in ventral view ( Figs 25F–L ). T6 with an s-shaped process dorsally. Os with a projection towards the other surstylus............................................ Eudorylas luteopilus ( Hardy, 1962 ) – Epandrium without projection. T6 without a dorsal process; OS without a projection towards the other surstylus........ 38 38 SES without hairs................................................................................... 39 – SES covered with hairs............................................................................... 40 39 Phallic guide straight in lateral view, branches of phallus short. Gonopods symmetrical, elongated, hairy along median edges; phallic guide broad, sides parallel, with three pointed tips in ventral view ( Figs 15A–F ).... Eudorylas barracloughi sp. nov. – Phallic guide hooked in lateral view, branches of phallus long, coiled. Gonopods asymmetrical, OG longer; phallic guide with membranous parts at the end covered by microtricha ( Figs 19G–M ).................... Eudorylas excisus (Hardy, 1949) 40 Phallic guide with two lobes covered by thick hairs. SES with hairs behind PG; gonopods well sclerotized, round; hypandrium elongated, slightly turned ( Figs 29A–G )...................................... Eudorylas pondolandi Földvári, 2003 – Phallic guide without lobes or thick hairs. SES with or without hairs behing PG; gonopods less sclerotized, hypandrium not elongated.......................................................................................... 41 41 Inner surstylus without basal projection in lateral view. Epandrium larger than ST8, broadest in the middle. Phallic guide broad at base and with two lobes surrounding PH ( Figs 21H–L ). Wing with an extra spurious cross-vein closing the pterostigma at the end of the subcostal vein........................................................ Eudorylas gabela sp. nov. – Inner surstylus with a basal projection in ventral view. Epandrium smaller than ST8. Phallic guide without lobes. Wing without an extra spurious cross-vein closing pterostigma........................................................... 42 42 Base of surstyli with ridges on each side covered by thick hairs. Phallic guide hairy, thick and strongly bent in ventral view, slightly curved towards SS in lateral view ( Figs 11G–L ). ST8 without a dorsal groove. Epandrium not wider than long. Crossvein R-M beyond 2/5 of discal cell............................................. Eudorylas aculeatus ( Loew, 1858 ) – Base of surstyli smooth, only thin hairs present. ST8 with a groove dorsally. Epandrium wider than long; phallic guide broad, tube-like ( Figs 24G–L ). Cross-vein R-M just before middle of discal cell............... Eudorylas libratus (Hardy, 1949) 43 No hairs on SES.................................................................................... 44 – Hairs present on SES................................................................................. 46 44 Hypandrium deflected by 45° in ventral view. Gonopods equally long, OG with short hairs; phallic guide with long lateral hairs (6–7) in ventral view, PG curved towards SS in lateral view ( Figs 23G–L ).............. Eudorylas hirsutus sp. nov. – Hypandrium straight. Gonopods with different hairs; phallic guide without long lateral hairs, not curved towards SS in lateral view.............................................................................................. 45 45 Gonopods round, with minute hairs along median edges. Phallic guide with two lateral projections in ventral view and the tip of the PG forming a hook in lateral view ( Figs 16A–F ). Vein Cu-M not sharply bent (discal cell convex).......................................................................................... Eudorylas brandbergensis sp. nov. – Gonopods pointed, without hairs. Phallic guide with a hook on the right in ventral view ( Figs 37A–F ); tip of PG not forming a hook in lateral view. Vein Cu-M sharply bent (discal cell concave)................... Eudorylas unanimus (Hardy, 1949) 46 Epandrium distinctly longer than wide................................................................... 47 – Epandrium distinctly shorter than wide.................................................................. 49 – Epandrium about as long as wide....................................................................... 51 47 Gonopods asymmetrical, OG shorter. genitalia black, with golden-yellow pollinosity without dissection. Phallic guide with protuberances and numerous hairs, the round projection facing ss is covered by hairs as well ( Figs 38A–F ).......................................................................................... Eudorylas vicarius (Hardy, 1949) – Gonopods asymmetrical, OG longer and pointed at tip. Genitalia not black; phallic guide different................... 48 48 Phallic guide without projection in ventral view. Phallic guide thick, distally pointing towards SS, membranous lobes at tip; phallus as long as ST8+EP+SS ( Figs 22A–F ). ST8 without dorsal groove on the right side....................................................................................................... Eudorylas galeatus (Hardy, 1949) – Phallic guide with hook-like projection on the right in ventral view. ST8 with dorsal groove on the right side ( Figs 27A–F )........................................................................... Eudorylas mutillatus ( Loew, 1858 ) 49 Inner surstylus with basal projection in ventral view. Phallic guide broad in the middle, pointed at apex ( Figs 16G–K )............................................................................... Eudorylas conformis (Hardy, 1959) – Inner surstylus without basal projection in ventral view. Phallic guide not broad in the middle....................... 50 50 Gonopods asymmetrical, OG longer and hairy. T5 less than 3.5–4 times as long as ST8. ST8 almost divided by large m.a.; hypandrium without broadened lobes; phallic guide pointed (also curved in lateral view) and hidden by band-like structure (not membranous); phallus with thick branches ( Figs 27G–L ).......................... Eudorylas natalensis (Hardy, 1949) – Gonopods symmetrical, without hairs. T5 3.5–4 times as long as ST8; ST8 with smaller m.a. Hypandrium with broadened lobes; phallic guide narrowing at tip, with hairs at base; phallus with very short branches distally and with membranous lobes along the whole PH ( Figs 29H–M )............................................ Eudorylas porrectus (Hardy, 1949) 51 Gonopods symmetrical, rounded. Epandrium asymmetrical, cerci shifted to the right. Surstyli without lobes in lateral view. Phallic guide sharply pointed. Phallus with supporting structure and a distinct, long process between PG and PH ( Figs 26A–F )......................................................................... Eudorylas meruensis (Hardy, 1949) – Gonopods subsymmetrical, both slightly pointed. Epandrium symmetrical. Surstyli with lobes in lateral view; phallic guide pointed, with a distinct groove ( Figs 26G–L ). Phallus without supporting structure and process................................................................................................. Eudorylas mikenensis ( Hardy, 1950 )